摘要：
农民用水协会是提高我国农业灌溉用水效率的重要组织形式,而目前实践表现为农户参与积极性较低.基于集体行动理论,采用分层模型,从村庄和农户两个层面,以社会资本为核心变量,分析农户参与农民用水协会意愿及其影响因素.结果表明,样本农户参与农民用水协会意愿不高,仅有51.98%的农户表示愿意参与.村庄层和农户层因素均是影响农户参与意愿的重要原因.村庄层因素中,村庄类型、机井总数、渠道是否存在维修养护问题对农户参与意愿具有显著性影响;农户层因素中,社会信任、社会声望和社会参与对农户参与意愿产生显著正向影响,社会网络对农户参与意愿的影响效应未通过显著性检验,但社会资本总量对农户参与意愿的影响显著为正.研究表明,在人际关系为重的中国农村,社会资本对农户参与意愿具有重要影响.因此,提出从村庄和农户两个层面激发农户参与用水协会意愿,应着重培育各维度社会资本,以改善农业用水管理水平.%The Water User Association is an important form of organizations to improve the efficiency of agricultural irrigation in China. However, current farmers' enthusiasm of participating in the association is low. Based on the theory of collective action and applying the Hierarchical Linear Model at both the village and famer levels, this study analyzed famers' willingness to participate in the Water User Association and the influencing factors which social capitals are core variables. Results show that the willingness of farmers to participate in the Water User Association is not high, with only 51.98% of them expressing participation willingness. Both village and famer levels are important reasons. In the village level, village type, the number of wells and the existence of channel maintenance problems have significant influences on famers' participation willingness. In the famer level, social trust, social prestige and social participation have positive influences on famers' participation willingness while social networking is insignificant. However, the total social capital has significant positive influence on it. This study shows that the social capital has important influences on farmers' participation willingness in rural areas with heavy interpersonal relationship. Therefore, this paper suggests that the management of agricultural water should be improved by motivating famers' participation willingness from both the village and famer levels, especially focusing on cultivating social capital in all dimensions.
