gravity

摘要： The unification of gravity and electricity since the early 20th century and the unification of four fundamental forces since the 1970s have become a mainstream of physical study by using different theories and methods. This paper introduces a dynamical approach to respectively reveal the physical natures of gravity and electricity as well as strong and weak forces. The results showed that the nature of gravity is a dynamical product of mass-energy linear distributions between two adjacent objects and the nature of electricity is a dynamical product of mass-energy linear distributions between two adjacent unlike charges. Potential nuclear energies are mathematically shown by the products of mass-energy linear distributions between proton-neutron particles as well as hadron-lepton particles, which are also initially generated through external perpendicular forces with the maximum efficiency. Thus, four kinds of potential mass-energy space-time distribution rather than four long- and short-range forces showed a common mathematical expression or similarity among them by using this approach.

摘要： The Void is different from the vacuum space of our Universe because it has “nothing” in it, no space, no time, no mass, and no charge. It only has Pure Energy. The only particles that have no space, no time, no mass, and no charge are photons and hence the Void is filled with photons of different Energy levels separated from one another by quantum numbers n. The Energy from within the Void is the source of all creation and annihilation. Each Universe of the Multiverse is created in parts that are joined together by gravity. Dark (Photon) Energy creates one part of the first dimension, two parts of the second dimension, three parts of the third dimension, four parts of the fourth dimension and so on, parts that are brought together to complete the formation of that dimensional Universe by means of a Big Bang;just as the Big Bang brought 3, 3-D parts created by 3, 2-D Universes together to form our 3-D Universe.

摘要： The presence of hard rock in Mount Betung has caused the misalignment of the groundwater aquifers,and resulted in many drilling failures for groundwater.An integrated geophysics method using gravity survey and Geoelectric Vertical Electrical Soundings(VES)were conducted to study the effect of basement and hard rock on groundwater prospects.From the gravity method,38 mapping points were carried out randomly,with a distance of 1-2 km in-between.Meanwhile,from the geoelectric method,51 VES points were acquired at the foot of Mount Betung.The acquisition was conducted with a Schlumberger configuration with AB/2=1 m to 250 m.The results show the Bouguer Anomaly in the west is 50-68 mgal due to the presence of hard rock in Mount Betung.This anomaly responds to relatively shallow hard rocks near surface.Hard rocks composed of andesite and breccia normally present at the depth of 5-180 m during well construction.Resistivity isopach mapping from VES data(at AB/2=50 m,100 m,and 150 m)shows the dominant constituents of hard rock.Fractures in hard rock contribute to secondary porosity,which could be a prospect zone that transmit groundwater.This finding shows that the fractures are randomly scattered,causing several well failures that have been worked.Furthermore,the fractures in the hard rock at the foot of Mount Betung acts as conduits between recharge at Mount Betung and the aquifer in the Bandar Lampung Basin.

摘要： The universe is things which change and called events. The events are matter and field. A boundary divides a system to things and environment. The things which belong to the environment have no significant effect on the things which belong to the system. The physical observables are the variations of things and it is always assumed that the conscious thing is placed in environment because the science cannot explain consciousness. There is not only an obligated minimum boundary between things (space) but also between past and future (present). The gravitational field has significant effect on these obligated minimums, especially at Planck scale. By using the above concept we introduce a grand unified reaction platform for categorizing the current physical paradigms and possible future explanation of the universe as a whole.

摘要： This paper indicated that Newton’s law of gravitation is a statistical relation of two adjacent objects with a distance and Einstein’s general relativity shows the internal connection of material distribution through space-time warping in our universe so general relativity is referred as a gravity theory. Here the paper gives an extension of general relativity in the sense of the metric theory of gravity which is consistent with Einstein’s equivalence principle and generates a weak field approximation which extends Newtonian dynamics. Thus, the extended theory of gravity can infer that the light has a speed limit of photon escaping the mass inertia of a star.

摘要： Gravity is the only force that cannot be explained by the Standard Model (SM), the current best theory describing all the known fundamental particles and their forces. Here we reveal that gravitational force can be precisely given by mass of objects and microwave background (CMB) radiation. Moreover, using the same strategy we reveal a relation by which CMB can also precisely define fine-structure constant α.

摘要： Gravity plays a central role in vertebrate development and evolution.Mechanotransduction involves the tensile tethering of veins and arteries,connections between the epidermis and dermis in skin,tensile stress concentrations that occur at tissue interfaces,cell-cell interactions,cell-collagen fiber stress transfer in extracellular matrix and fluid shear flow.While attention in the past has been directed at understanding the myriad of biochemical players associated with mechanotransduction pathways,less attention has been focused on determining the tensile mechanical behavior of tissues in vivo.Fibroblasts sit on the surface of collagen fibers in living skin and exert a retractile force on the fibers.This retractile force pulls against the tension in collagen fibers in skin.After fibroblast-collagen fiber interactions are altered either by changes in fibroblast adhesion or after formation of cancer associated fibroblasts,and changes in cell junctions,alterations in the retractive force leads to changes in mechanotransduction.The purpose of this paper is to present a model of tensile forces that occur at the fibroblast-collagen fiber interface and how these forces are important in extracellular matrix physiology in health and disease.

摘要： In 1937, Paul Dirac proposed Large Number Hypothesis and Hypothesis of Variable Gravitational Constant, and later added notion of Continuous Creation of Matter in the World. Hypersphere World-Universe Model (WUM) follows these ideas, albeit introducing different mechanism of Matter creation. In this paper, we show that WUM is a natural continuation of Classical Physics. WUM is proposed as an alternative to prevailing Big Bang Model (BBM) that relies on General Relativity. WUM and BBM are principally different Models: 1) Instead of Initial Singularity with infinite energy density and extremely rapid expansion of spacetime (Inflation) in BBM;in WUM, there was Fluctuation (4D Nucleus of World with extrapolated radius equal to basic size unit of a) in Eternal Universe with finite extrapolated energy density (~104 less than nuclear density) and finite expansion of Nucleus in Its fourth spatial dimension with speed c that is gravitodynamic constant;2) Instead of alleged practically Infinite Homogeneous and Isotropic Universe around Initial Singularity in BBM;in WUM, 3D Finite Boundless World (Hypersphere of 4D Nucleus) presents Patchwork Quilt of various Luminous Superclusters (≧103), which emerged in different places of World at different Cosmological times. Medium of World, consisting of protons, electrons, photons, neutrinos, and dark matter particles, is Homogeneous and Isotropic. Distribution of Macroobjects is spatially Inhomogeneous and Anisotropic and temporally Non-simultaneous. Most direct observational evidence of validity of WUM are: 1) Microwave Background Radiation and Intergalactic Plasma speak in favor of existence of Medium;2) Laniakea Supercluster with binding mass ~1017M⊙ is home to Milky Way (MW) and ~105 other nearby galaxies, which did not start their movement from Initial Singularity;3) MW is gravitationally bounded with Virgo Supercluster (VS) and has Orbital Angular Momentum that far exceeds its rotational angular momentum;4) Mass-to-light ratio of VS is ~300 times larger than that of Solar ratio. Similar ratios are obtained for other superclusters. These ratios are main arguments in favor of presence of significant amounts of Dark Matter in the World. 5) Astronomers discovered the most distant galaxy HD1 that is ~13.5 Bly away. WUM predicts discovery of galaxies with a distance of ~13.8 Bly. Medium of World, Dark Matter, and Angular Momentum are main Three Pillars of WUM.

摘要： In this paper an extensive amount of evidence is presented that our genome,and in particular the DNA acts as a quantum computer.The human genome contains approximately 3 billion A-T and G-C base pairs,which reside in the 23 pairs of chromosomes within the nucleus of all our cells.And it estimated that only a fraction(about 4%)of these base pairs is involved in the synthesis of proteins.The prevailing scientific view is that the remainder of the DNA is just“junk”.Here is presented a great deal of evidence about the electronic as well as the quantum mechanical properties of DNA,and once it is accepted that the DNA is an electronic medium,which is operating over and above the mere synthesis of proteins,then it is but a short step to surmise that all that so-called junk DNA is actually capable of storing a sufficient amount of data to generate an entire universe.Given the fact then that our universe is computer generated and virtual,that makes us,indeed all living creatures,pseudophysical robots,and certain properties of our universe such as Gravity and Time purely fictitious.From this point of view then the famous discourse in Thus Spoke Zarathustra“Of the Vision and the Riddle”becomes readily explainable.Zarathustra talks about the Spirit of Gravity as a dwarf that has jumped on his back and is oppressing him.It then jumps off his back and he is able to see our supposedly physical life for what it is-a fiction,and illusion.Likewise the now,the current moment in time in which we are living is referred to as the“gateway”between a fictitious computer-generated past and a hypothetical,as yet undetermined future.An explanation is also given for“eternal recurrence”.Nietzsche is prophesizing that genetic technology will advance to the point where we humans will be cloned from our DNA when we die,and we will be able to live an infinite number of lifetimes.We will be reincarnated.

摘要： We show that as the dimensions of the Multiverse increase so does its density. This increase in density has the effect of decreasing the speed of light, slowing down time, and increasing the life span of each higher dimension and the life span of human beings occupying that higher dimension. We use the tenth dimension as the highest dimension as a special case but show that it is not possible to exactly determine its value because of varying factors that can end the Multiverse, sending all the Energy back into the original levels of the Quantum of the void that started the creation process.