geochemistry

摘要： This study aims to account for the petrogenesis and mineralization of pegmatites around the Wowyen area,northcentral basement complex,Nigeria.Field studies,petrography and whole rock geochemistry(Major oxides were estimated by X-Ray Fluorescence while the trace elements were estimated by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry)where the methods adopted.The pegmatites around Wowyen area are emplaced in the remobilized belt of the Nigerian Basement complex.They are predominantly complex pegmatites(rare-metal pegmatites)which are intruded in the biotite-muscovite gneiss while the simple pegmatites intruded more in the migmatitic banded gneiss.The major components of the complex pegmatites are quartz,albite and muscovite and tourmaline.The accessory constituents are garnet;ilmenites;cassiterite-columbite-tantalite oxides in contrast to quartz,microcline and biotite of the simple pegmatites.The complex pegmatites show higher peraluminous than the simple pegmatites,however,higher fractionation is observed in the complex pegmatites than the simple pegmatites.The complex pegmatites are rather enriched in rare elements such as Li,Rb,B,Cs,Sn,Nb,Be and Ta and show low ratios in Al/Ga and K/Rb than the simple pegmatites.The pegmatites are likely product of sedimentary origin and originated from post-collisional tectonic event.

摘要： Multi-stage igneous rocks developed in the recently discovered Huoluotai Cu-(Mo)deposit provide new insights into the controversial late Mesozoic geodynamic evolution of the northern segment of the Great Xing’an Range(NSGXR).Zircon U-Pb dating suggests that the monzogranite,ore-bearing granodiorite porphyry,diorite porphyry,and granite porphyry in the deposit were emplaced at 179.5±1.6,148.9±0.9,146.1±1.3,and 142.2±1.5 Ma,respectively.The Re-Os dating of molybdenite yielded an isochron age of 146.9±2.3 Ma(MSWD=0.27).The Jurassic adakitic monzogranite and granodiorite porphyry are characterized by high SiO_(2)and Na_(2)O contents,low K_(2)O/Na_(2)O ratios,low Mg O,Cr,and Ni contents,low zirconεHf(t)values relative to depleted mantle,and relatively high Th contents.They were produced by partial melting of a subducted oceanic slab,with involvement of marine sediments in the magma source and limited interaction with mantle peridotites during magma ascent.The Late Jurassic diorite porphyry is characterized by moderate SiO_(2) contents,high Mg O,Cr,and Ni contents,and positive dominatedεHf(t)values,indicating it was produced by partial melting of a subduction-modified lithospheric mantle wedge and underwent limited crustal contamination during magma ascent.The early Early Cretaceous adakitic granite porphyry shows high SiO_(2) and K_(2)O contents and K_(2)O/Na_(2)O ratios,low Mg O,Cr,and Ni contents,enriched Sr-Nd isotopic compositions,and slightly positive zirconεHf(t)values,suggesting it was produced by partial melting of thickened mafic lower crust.The NSGXR experienced a tectonic history that involved flat-slab subduction(200-160 Ma),and tearing and collapse(150-145 Ma)of the Mongol-Okhotsk oceanic lithosphere.The period of magmatic quiescence from ca.160 to 150 Ma was a response to flat-slab subduction of the Mongol-Okhotsk oceanic lithosphere.Crustal thickening in the NSGXR(145-133 Ma)was due to the collision between the Amuria Block and the Siberian Craton.

摘要： This paper focuses on the study of the aquifer of the Continental Terminal in the south of Saloum river. This study aims to participate in the knowledge of the physicochemical quality and to help understand the origins and processes of the mineralization of the water of the Continental Terminal (CT). Physicochemical treatments show an average pH of 6.61 indicating a slightly acidic water overall. The electrical conductivity varies between 37.4 and 12,320 μS·cm-1 with an average of 729.3 μS·cm-1. High conductivities are recorded around the ocean and the Saloum River, indicating higher mineralized waters in these areas. The geochemical study and multivariate statistical analysis indicate three groups of the sampled waters. Group 1 is mainly formed of the Ca-HCO3, Na-HCO3, Ca-Cl and Na-Cl facies. This group is the most common one and is found throughout the southern Saloum area. Group 2, mainly made up of the Ca-HCO3 and Na-HCO3 facies, is located in the center, east, west and north of the zone. The mineralization of these two groups is believed to be of carbonate, evaporitic and/or anthropogenic origin. Group 3 is formed from the Na-Cl facies. This group is located in the north and west of the area (near the ocean and the Saloum river). This group 3 suggests pollution of marine and anthropogenic origin. The calculated base indices suggest cationic exchanges between the waters and the formations of the water table of the terminal continental.

摘要： 1 AIM AND SCOPE GEOSCIENCE FRONTIERS(GSF)is a bi-monthly international journal that publishes in English high quality original research articles and timely reviews in interdisciplinary fields of Earth and Planetary Sciences.GSF aims to bridge innovative,provocative and challenging concepts and models related to various fields of research including petrology and geochemistry in understanding lithospheric architecture and mantle dynamics,global tectonics,economic geology and fuel exploration,geophysics,stratigraphy and paleontology with new insights on correlations and evolution,environmental and engineering geology,astrogeology,among other themes.

摘要： The Neoproterozoic rocks of the Nakora Ring Complex (NRC) consist of three phases (Extrusive, Intrusive and Dyke) that are based on the detailed geological mapping (contact relationship, mode of occurrence, position of xenolith, flows, dykes and veins) and their stratigraphic position. NRC consists mainly of acid volcanic rocks besides minor amount of basic rocks with intermediate calc-alkaline to tholeiitic affinities and occurs in the form of ring structures. The Nakora basaltic rocks show LREE enriched nature and they have consistent negative Nb, Ta, Sr and Zr anomalies. The HREE pattern is showing parallel arrangement with HREE pattern of other basic rocks. The Nakora acid volcanic rocks exhibit high LREE enrichment than the HREE with negative Ba, Sr, Eu and Ti anomalies in primitive mantle normalized multi-element diagrams. All the samples show negative Ba, Sr, Eu and Ti anomalies. The diminution in amounts of Sr and Eu is apparently related to the fractionation of feldspars or their retention in the refractory minerals resistant to melting in the lower crust. As compared to trachytes, the rhyolites show high SiO2, high Al2O3, low total alkalis, low total iron, low TiO2, high CaO and high MgO. The petro-mineralogical and geo-chemical data specifies that the NRC rocks are generated from a co-magmatic source through a co-genetic process in a rift tectonic context. Petrogenetic modeling indicates that both the basic rocks and acid volcanic rocks of Nakora may have been derived from rocks akin to Bhilwara mafic metavolcanic/mixed Nakora gabbros and Siwana rhyolite/banded gneiss from Kolar Schist Belt by different degrees of partial melting respectively.

摘要： The distribution of selected critical elements in the sedimentary rocks of the Carboniferous coal-bearing series within the Polish Coal Basins is presented.Critical elements such as Be,Mg,Si,P,Sc,V,Co,Y,Nb,In,Sb,La,Ce,Hf,Ta,W,Bi were analysed using inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP/MS).Concentrations of elements such as Sb,Bi,In and,to a slightly lesser extent,Nb,as well as Sc,show average concentrations higher than those from the upper continental crust.The average concentrations of elements like Hf,Mg,P,Y,La,and Ce are slightly lower than in the upper continental crust.Other elements,such as Be,Co,Si,Ta,W and V have average concentrations that are similar,but slightly enriched or slightly depleted,relative to the upper continental crust.The research showed enrichment of some critical elements in the analysed samples,but not high enough that extraction would be economically viable.Statistical methods,which include correlation coefficients between elements and cluster analysis,reveal a strong positive correlation between elements like Be,Bi,Nb,Sc,Ta,W and V.Very high,almost total,positive correlation is also noted between La and Ce.

摘要： The Baïbokoum-Touboro-Ngaoundaye area is located in the Adamoua-Yade domain of the Pan-African Fold Belt in Central Africa. The present work concerns the petrographic and geochemical study. The study area is made up of plutonic rocks including two amphibole granites, four biotite and muscovite granites, two syenites and one monzonite sample. These rocks have a granular porphyroid texture, with a mylonitic tendency. The primary paragenesis consists of Opx + Cpx + Amp + Bt + Pl + Or + Mic + Qtz + Ap + Sph + Zr and the secondary paragenesis consisting of Ch + Op. Plutonic rocks are shoshonitic to calc-alkaline with a strong potassic affinity. The REE profiles of these rocks show a negative anomaly of Eu in the granites and no Eu anomaly in syenites and monzonite (syeno-diorite). Multielement spectra of plutonic rocks present a negative anomaly in Nb-Ta and Ti. Fractional crystallization is the process that made these rocks of study area. These rocks are placed in a subduction to syn-collisional (VAG + Syn-COLG) and of intraplate granitoids (WPG) environment.

摘要： The organic geochemical characteristics of hydrogen-rich coal in southern China were investigated synthetically through organic geochemistry and carbon isotope analyses.The results showed that the hydrogen contents of the test samples were more than 5.0% and the H/C atomic ratios were between 0.76-1.06.Samples were found to be composed mostly of Type Ⅱ-Ⅲ°C kerogen,consistent with good hydrocarbon-generation potential.The R_(o)(0.54-1.10%)and T_(max)(430-453°C)values imply that the hydrogen-rich coals were in low maturity to mature stages.Stable carbon isotopic ratios(δ^(13)C_(org))of the samples used varied from −24.5‰ to −23.4‰,the barkinite content ranging from 13.9% to 83.3%,indicating a predominantly terrestrial origin with marine influence during coal formation.Some organic geochemical parameters showed corresponding changes as the hydrogen content increased from 5.0% to 7.0%,however,the source inputs changed significantly when hydrogen content was greater than 6.0%.Terrestrial higher plants gradually become predominant within the coal-forming materials,whereas this dominant position is not apparent at lower hydrogen contents,which is attributable to the strong seawater effect during the hydrogen-rich coal formation process.

摘要： Cold seeps spread worldwide along the continental margins,which are closely related to the exploration of gas hydrates.Cold-seep carbonates have been reported to record the nature of seepage,including fluid source,sedimentary environment,and variation of seepage activity.We investigated the morphology,mineralogy,element compositions,and carbon and oxygen isotopes of 15 cold-seep carbonates collected from the Shenhu area,and compared them with 2 carbonates from the Haima cold seep,the South China Sea(SCS),to promote our knowledge of cold-seep system in SCS.Most of the Shenhu carbonates exhibit crust morphology,and some are in the form of chimneys and blocks.Their absolute(20%–65%)and relative carbonate mineral contents(mainly aragonite and calcite,with minor samples containing dolomite)vary significantly,indicating the multi-stage methane leakage in our study area.Some samples show a slight negative Ce anomaly,suggesting either the mixing of seawater or variation of the redox condition during the precipitation;the cooccurrence of strongly enriched U and Mo demonstrates anoxic condition during precipitation.The mixed genetic methane source was interpreted by δ^(13)C of the Shenhu carbonates to range from-22.34‰to-59.30‰Vienna PeeDee Belemnite(VPDB),and the slight ^(18)O-enrichment imprinted on the carbonates suggests the possible influence from hydrate dissociation.The Haima carbonates,with biogenic methane as the main gas source,were presumably formed in a stronger fluid flux by compared with our Shenhu samples.

摘要： Geochemical characterization in stream sediments from Nyambaka locality was carried out on ten samples collected from the study area watershed. The distribution of trace metals in the sediments showed that some lithophiles (Be, Sc, V, Cr, Sr, Th, U), chalcophiles (Cu, Zn, Ga, As) and siderophiles (Mn, Co, Ni, Mo) have high average contents in the sediments compared to their average concentration in the upper crust. From the factorial analysis of the components, the total variance explained made it possible to represent and capture the main information on the data and to represent them in a graphical frame. Thus, using this graphical frame, the trace elements were divided into four groups opposed to each other. They show an enrichment of stream sediments in group 1 (Cr, Cu, Mn, Be, Ni, Co, Zr, Sr, Ba, Mg) and group 2 (Mo, As, Hg, V, Ag) elements more than group 3 (Ga, Sc, U) and group 4 (Au, Th). Rare earth analysis indicates a high abundance of Lanthanide (28.1 ppm to 42.4 ppm), a high concentration of light rare earth (LREE), and depletion of heavy rare earth (HREE). The variable LREE/HREE (7.24 LREE/ HREE 12.22) and (La/Yb)N (6.70 (La/Yb)N 11.72) ratios suggest an effect of heterogeneous sorting of heavy minerals with variable enrichment of dense and resistant minerals.