摘要：
为减少草炭资源的消耗,筛选出适合在四川省各主产烟区推广的烟草育苗替代基质,采用凉山黄砂、攀枝花黄砂、泸州黄砂、宜宾石粉分别配制75%、50%和25%的商品基质进行漂浮育苗试验,研究烟草漂浮育苗基质替代材料与替代比例对烟苗生长发育、生理生化指标、成苗期及成苗率的影响.结果表明,4个地区的黄砂、石粉混配育苗基质可满足烟苗出苗和生长发育的需求.50%黄砂或石粉+50%商品基质为最优配比,其理化性质符合烟草漂浮育苗基质的要求.培育的烟苗出苗率在90%以上,成苗率在82%~84%之间,苗床期为62~64 d,成苗时烟苗茎高、茎围、叶片数、一级侧根数、根系活力、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性以及叶绿素含量(质量分数)均明显优于对照或与对照差异不明显,基质成本比对照降低46.70%.50%黄砂或石粉+50%商品基质的替代比例适合四川省烟区应用.%To reduce peat consumption and select suitable substituted matrices for tobacco seedling culturing in main tobacco-planting areas of Sichuan, tobacco seedling culturing experiments were conducted in floating systems with alternative matrices (yellow sands from Liangshan, Panzhihua and Luzhou and powdered stone from Yibin mixed with 75%, 50% and 25% of a commercial peat matrix). The effects of substituted matrices and their proportions in floating seedling system on the growing, physiological and biochemical indexes, seedling stage and seedling rate were studied. The results showed that the substituted matrices mixing commercial peat matrix by yellow sands or powdered stone from the four areas met the needs of germination and growth of tobacco seedlings. The optimal proportion for substituted matrices was 50% yellow sand/powdered stone + 50% commercial peat matrix, and the physicochemical properties of matrices with the optimal proportion satisfied the requirements in floating seedling system. The emergence rate, seedling rate and seedling stage of tobacco seedlings cultured in the matrices of 50% yellow sand/powdered stone+50% commercial peat matrix were above 90%, 82%-84% and 62-64 days, respectively. Comparing with control, 50% yellow sand/powdered stone+50% commercial peat matrix were significantly better or did not significantly differ in terms of plant height, stalk circumference, leaf number, the number of the first lateral roots, root vigor, the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and peroxidase(POD)and the content of chlorophyll; and the cost of substituted matrices decreased by 46.70%. The proportion of 50% yellow sand/powdered stone with 50% commercial peat matrix is suitable for Sichuan tobacco-planting areas.
