摘要:
从"两权分离"到"三权分置",伴随着新型农业经营主体的增加,农村新土地精英开始崛起.在政府的推动下,农村新土地精英主要由村干部、老板、职业农民和返乡农民工群体构成.与旧土地精英相比,新土地精英具有身份建构性、市场主体性和利益依附性的特征.通过向政治精英的转化、与本地精英的联盟和对本身政治利益的巩固,新土地精英使村级权力结构由"体制精英—普通村民"二维结构向"体制精英—非体制精英—普通村民"三维结构转变.通过内生性权威向次生型、外生型权威转变,国家法开始影响民间法,村级治理规则发生演变.由于市场的进入,熟人社会走向半熟人社会,市场化差序格局显现,农村社会秩序受到挑战.新土地精英崛起不仅更新了村级治理的内容,而且在更深层次上影响村庄治理结构.这其中,产权关系与村级治理具有重要关联.因此,深化产权改革,需要对其上层建筑予以重视.%From the farmland"separation of the two rights"to"the three rights Division", the rural scale land transfer intensifies. With the increase of new agricultural business, the new rural land elites began to rise. Under the leadership of the government, rural new land elites are mainly composed of village cadres, bosses, professional peasants and returning migrant workers. Compared with the old land elites,the new land elites have the characteristics of identity construction,market subjectivity and interest dependence. Through to the transformation of the political elite, alliance with local elites and the consolidation of political interests for itself, new land elite make the system of village power struc?ture by elite - ordinary villagers by the elite to the system - the system transformation of elite - ordina?ry villagers. Through the transformation of endogenous authority to secondary and exogenous authority, laws began to influence civil law, and the rules of village governance were evolving. Due to the entry of the market, the acquaintance society is going to the semi-acquaintance society. Market-oriented orderly-diversity pattern began to emerge, and the rural social order is challenged. The rise of new land elites not only updates the content of village governance, but also affects the village governance structure at a deeper level. The research shows that property right relationship is very important to vil?lage-level governance, and the reform of property right requires to pay attention to its superstructure.