里海

摘要： 靠渔而生提到乌拉尔河,来这里务工的中国人总会神采奕奕地描述乌拉尔河的渔业丰富:“用渔网捕捞,网网都有收获,这在国内是非常少见的。”而阿特劳位于里海东北岸的乌拉尔河入海口,乌拉尔河优越的平坦地形为阿特劳带来了丰富的淡水资源,吸引人们在此落脚聚居。宽阔的里海赋予他们生存的资本,凭借靠海优势,当地人开始发展渔业,并赋以“渔城”美称。阿特劳历史悠久,最早可以追溯到1645年。这一年,雅罗斯拉夫尔商人古里·纳扎罗夫在乌拉尔河口建立起了一座木制城堡,取名“乌拉尔堡”。这名俄国商人依靠当时在希瓦汗国和布哈拉汗国间进行贸易,逐渐繁荣为一个强大的家族。

摘要： 基于2019年高考全国文综卷Ⅰ第37题里海的地质演化,通过查阅相关文献,分析了2亿年以来大尺度板块运动引起的里海从大洋到内陆湖泊的沧桑巨变。

摘要： The legal status of the Caspian Sea is a long-standing issue which has led to serious and protracted disputes among the Caspian littoral states. The distribution of relevant rights and interests has protracted the settlement of the issue for centuries. With the August 12, 2018 signing of the Convention on the Legal Status of the Caspian Sea by the five coastal states of Russia, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan and Iran, the Caspian Sea was formally designated as “neither sea nor lake.” This designation will undoubtedly shape the future architecture of political, economic and security policy frameworks in the region. As these littoral states have all participated in China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), a safe and stable Caspian Sea will help reduce the geopolitical risks that may emerge during the continued construction of the Belt and Road, and is also conducive to ensuring synergy between the major development projects in both the Caspian region and the Belt and Road Initiative.

摘要： 阿塞拜疆一词,据说源于阿拉伯语,意为“火之国”,阿塞拜疆部族形成于11至13世纪,首都巴库素有“石油城”美誉,是里海沿岸最大港口。纳希切万是其自治共和国,位于外高加索南部,是阿塞拜疆的“飞地”。

摘要： 在一带一路倡议框架下,促进跨里海运输走廊的发展十分重要。格鲁吉亚一直致力于与其他伙伴国共同开发跨里海国际运输路线。经贸合作态势良好。格鲁吉亚与中国的双边关系正在蓬勃发展。双方保持密切协调与合作,尊重彼此利益,并在国际层面紧密合作。

摘要： 本文基于古板块再造方法和盆地勘探资料,结合前人研究成果,详细研究了曼格什拉克盆地沉积、构造演化阶段与油气系统对应关系.晚石炭世—早二叠世图兰地台周缘大陆(西伯利亚、哈萨克斯坦与塔里木古陆等)汇聚作用影响,导致盆地下古生界基底被花岗岩侵入,组成盆地非均质褶皱基底.晚二叠世—早三叠世由古特提斯洋向图兰地台南缘的长期俯冲作用决定了盆地内部后期沉积格局.盆地主要经历了二叠纪—晚三叠世裂谷期、早侏罗世—始新世断拗转换和渐新世—更新世挤压变形等演化阶段.中—上三叠统泥岩和中—下侏罗统海陆过渡相黑色泥岩是盆地主力烃源岩,中三叠系碳酸盐岩(含凝灰岩)、下侏罗统和下白垩统陆相碎屑岩是主要储集岩,而中三叠统凝灰质泥岩和上侏罗统泥岩—泥灰岩是盆地主要区域性盖层.盆地由形成于渐新世—更新世挤压背下的背斜和断背斜圈闭为主.三叠系地层中源油沿着不整合面或沿着断层垂向运移,而在热德拜—乌津阶地侏罗系源油沿着断层垂向运移至上覆地层圈闭中.较弱的板块碰撞远程效应和优越的生储盖条件是源油保存的前提条件.通过油藏连井剖面,观察得知:沿着NW—SE方向,花岗岩体呈连续性分布,发育方向与二叠纪花岗岩侵入带基本一致,可作为今后勘探重点方向.这对里海区域常规与非常规油气勘探开发,以及“一带一路”政策背景下的能源保障具有重要理论和现实意义.%Based on reconstruction of paleo-plate and basin previous exploration data,and combining with current researches,tectonic evolution and petroleum system of Mangyshlak baisn are classified.late Carboniferous to the early Permian time convergence of surrounding Paleo-plates (Siberia,Kazakhstan and Tarim) of Turan platform leads to the granite intrusion,and Paleozoic metamorphic rocks and Permian intrusive rocks composed heterogeneous fold basement of the basin.The Late Permian to Early Triassic active subduction of Paleo-Tethys Ocean determines the later sedimentary pattern in the basin.Basin mainly developed by the Permian—Late Triassic rifting stage,Early Jurassic—Eocene rift—depression stage and Oligocene—Pleistocene extrusion deformation stage.Middle—Late Triassic transitional mudstone and Early—Middle Jurassic transitional black mudstone are primary source rocks of the basin,Reservoirs consist of Triassic carbonate rocks (including tuff) and fine sandstone and siltstone of lower Jurassic and lower cretaceous.Triassic volcanic mudstone and mudstones—marlstone of the upper Jurassic is a major regional cap.Basin mainly develops anticline traps and fault block traps.Crude oil along the unconformity surface or along faults vertical migration in Triassic strata,and along the faults vertical migration in Jurassic strata in Zhetybay—Uzen bench.Weaker distance effect of Plate collision and well condition of reservoir are main conditions of crude oil preservation.By observing the direction of granite weathering crust reservoir well profile that,granite rock mass continuity in the direction of the NW— SE well developed,and same direction of Permian granite intrusion belt,that means can be used as direction of exploration in the future.This is of great theoretical and practical significance for the development of conventional and unconventional oil and gas exploration in the Caspian sea region and the energy security under the background of One Belt And One Road policy.