摘要：
Objective To investigate the methods of optometric refraction adopted for adolescents in spectacles stores in Anyang city of Henan Province and the professional performance of optometric refraction.Methods Cross-sectional study.Maps and yellow pages were used to collect the information of 131 spectacles stores in Anyang city.A questionnaire was used to investigate spectacles stores that had optometry equipment and can provide refraction prescription and spectacles in this city.The questionnaire covered (1) the process of optometric refraction,including whether cycloplegic refraction was conducted for adolescents and children if it was their first-time optometry and the type of cycloplegics,and (2) the opticians' knowledge on optometric refraction for adolescents and children,such as necessity of cycloplegic refraction for adolescents and children and age cut-offs.According to whether they used a comprehensive refractometer,the optometry methods were divided into conventional optometry and medical optometry.Results Of 131 spectacles stores in Anyang city,127 were enrolled.A total of 127 questionnaires were distributed and returned with an effective rate of 100％.Conventional optometric refraction was performed in 53 stores (41.73％),and medical optometric refraction was performed in 74 stores (58.27％).Cycloplegic refraction was conducted in only 4 spectacles stores (3.15％) for adolescents and children upon their first-time optometry.The fogging method of refraction was adopted in 31 stores (24.41％),while optometric refraction was directly conducted in 92 stores (72.44％) without controlling accommodation.As for the use of cycloplegia at initial optometric refraction of children,cycloplegia was objected to in 4 stores,and thought to be no need in 28 stores including 6 stores in which the fogging method was used to replace cycloplegia.In 68 stores,cycloplegia was performed if wanted,or children could go to a hospital for it.In 12 stores,the use of cycloplegics was determined by children's vision and diopters.In 5 stores,children were suggested to go to a hospital for cycloplegic refraction.Cycloplegic refraction was required in only 4 stores.As to the age cut-offs of cycloplegic refraction,6 years old,12 years old,and 18 years old were considered as the boundary in 7 stores,33 stores,and 9 stores,respectively.In 11 stores,age was only considered for amblyopia and hyperopia,and in 67 stores,it was not realized.Conclusions Cycloplegic refraction was found to be conducted for adolescents and children in only 3％ of the spectacles stores in Anyang city.Moreover,most of the spectacles store opticians did not support to use cycloplegia before optometric refraction for adolescents and children and lacked knowledge on the age cut-offs of cycloplegic refraction.Standardized training of cycloplegic refraction should be further strengthened.%目的 评估河南省安阳市眼镜店针对儿童青少年采用的验光方法的专业程度.方法 横断面调查研究.于2016年8至9月通过地图和黄页信息收集到安阳市131家眼镜店,对其中有验光设备、可提供验光配镜处方及配镜的眼镜店进行问卷调查.问卷内容包括:(1)验光配镜流程:儿童青少年初次验光是否进行睫状肌麻痹,以及使用何种睫状肌麻痹药物;(2)工作人员对儿童青少年配镜知识的认识:儿童青少年睫状肌麻痹验光的必要性,需要睫状肌麻痹验光的年龄界限等.根据是否使用综合验光仪将验光方法分为常规验光和医学验光.采用频次法进行统计.结果 131家眼镜店中符合入选标准者127家.发放问卷127份,收回127份,回收率及有效率均为100％.对于初次验光的儿童青少年的验光配镜方法,53家(41.73％)眼镜店采用常规验光法,74家(58.27％)采用医学验光法.验光前进行睫状肌麻痹验光者4家(3.15％),采用雾视法验光者31家(24.41％),不进行调节放松直接验光者92家(72.44％).对于儿童初次验光是否需要睫状肌麻痹的问题,4家反对,28家认为不需要,6家认为没有必要且可以用雾视法代替,68家认为自愿进行如果需要可以去医院,12家认为根据儿童视力和屈光状态决定,5家建议去医院进行睫状肌麻痹验光,仅有4家明确认为需要进行睫状肌麻痹验光.关于睫状肌麻痹验光的年龄范围,7家认为6岁之前,33家认为12岁之前,9家认为18岁之前,11家认为仅弱视和远视需要,67家不清楚.结论 安阳市眼镜店针对儿童青少年进行睫状肌麻痹验光的比例低,仅占3.15％,大多数眼镜店工作人员对儿童青少年验光配镜前使用睫状肌麻痹剂的认可度很低,且缺乏睫状肌麻痹年龄范围的理论知识,提示应进一步加强睫状肌麻痹验光的理论培训.
