摘要：
基于红外伪装和节能的双重需求,该文提出一种应用于地下工程的地埋管水箱并联水环热泵系统.在对该系统理论分析的基础上,提出阶段控制和全年控制2种室内温度控制方案.以北京某地下工程为例,借助TRNSYS软件对该系统进行了设计与分析.结果表明,采用阶段控制方案在过渡季可以改善人体的热舒适,采用不同温度控制方案对平时间歇运行的地埋管系统影响不大,热泵系统在40 a周期内均能够保证空调负荷需求.研究对象的平时空调冷负荷远大于热负荷,战时均为制冷模式,其峰值冷负荷约为平时的3.15倍.最后以耗水量和占地面积为指标,对比分析了"地埋管+静态水箱"和"地埋管+动态水箱"2种冷热源方案,认为该工程采用"地埋管+动态水箱"复合冷热源方案更优.该研究为地埋管水箱并联水环热泵系统在地下人防工程应用提供了理论基础.%Information-based war will be the main way of fighting in the future with the progress of science and technology. As an important part of the country's military power, civil air defense projects will face more severe challenges. A good thermal environment is an important security for civil air defense projects to play a role. Nowadays, the central air conditioning systems are widely used in the underground space to maintain indoor temperature and humidity. However, these systems are confirmed to have high energy consumption and easy to cause infrared exposure. Therefore, it's absolutely necessary to design a safe, applicable, high efficient and energy-saving system to improve the thermal and humidity condition for protection engineering. Based on the dual demands for energy saving and infrared camouflage, this paper proposes a new air conditioning system. It uses the water loop heat pump units as the air conditioner, which can realize cooling and heating at the same time and transfer heat from hot area to cold area through the water circulation loop for energy saving. In addition, replacing the traditional cooling towers by composite cold and heat sources that consist of ground heat exchanger and water tank in parallel, high-temperature gas will not be produced, which can avoid infrared exposure and improve the ability of energy security for using renewable energy. There are 2 forms of composite cold and heat sources. Buried pipe combined with static water tank constitutes one and buried pipe with dynamic water tank constitutes the other. When using static water tank, it needs to replace the water frequently to maintain normal operation due to heat accumulation and being easy to cause the waste of water resources, so it is not applicable to the areas where water resources are scarce. When using dynamic water tank, it can achieve cooling continuously and has small floor space, but it has high water consumption. So it is applicable to the areas where water resources are adequate. In this paper, the application characteristics of the new system are illustrated. Afterwards, the concepts of stage control and annual control over temperature are put forward. To analyze the load characteristics of the underground space both in peace time and war time, the whole-year hourly dynamic load of a civil air defense project in Beijing is simulated by TRNSYS (transient system simulation program) software. Results show that it can improve the thermal environment effectively in transition season when the stage control plan is used. When the air conditioning system runs every day at intervals, the buried pipe system can meet the demand for cooling capacity over 40 years. For this project, it needs refrigeration throughout the year in war time. The load in war time is far more than the load in peace time, and the peak load in war time is about 3.15 times that in peace time. Finally, by comparing the water consumption and cover area, it concludes that the cold and heat source consisting of ground heat exchanger and dynamic water tank is more suitable for this project. This paper has important guiding significance for the application of the air conditioning system of water loop heat pump with composite cold and heat sources to underground engineering.
