摘要:
目的 探讨住院精神分裂症患者对室内环境色的偏好特点及影响因素.方法 研究纳入1 320例精神分裂症住院患者进行室内环境色偏好测验,采用自制一般情况问卷、艾森克人格问卷、阳性和阴性症状量表进行调查,并与正常对照组进行颜色偏好比较.结果 (1)精神分裂症组与对照组在绿(Z=-2.587,P=0.010)、蓝(Z=-2.708,P=0.007)、白(Z=-2.733,P=0.006)、灰(Z=-7.409,P<0.01)的偏好程度上差异有统计学意义,两组颜色偏好顺序等级相关( r=0.750,U=2.710,P<0.01). (2)患者性别、年龄、居住地、躯体疾病、首发年龄、临床亚型、阳性症状、阴性症状、住院时间、住院次数、精神质、神经质、内外向等因素与颜色偏好显著相关( r=0.010~0.216 或 r=-0.122~-0.054,P<0.05),并能进入颜色偏好的回归方程(β=0.104~0.055或β=-0.091~-0.056,P<0.05).结论 精神分裂症患者最有意义的颜色偏好为红色和黑色,可能与其认知功能及人格特征有关.%Objective To explore the preference and influencing factors of environment color of in-patients with schizophrenia. Methods A total of 1 320 schizophrenic inpatients were enrolled in the study. The self-made general questionnaire,the Eysenck personality questionnaire,the positive and negative symp-tom scale were used in this survey and the color preference was compared with the normal control group. Re-sults (1)The preference degree was significantly different in green(Z=-2.587,P=0.010),blue(Z=-2.708,P=0.007),white(Z=-2.733,P=0.006) and grey(Z=-7.409,P<0.01) between the two groups, and the sequence of color preference was consistent(r=0.750,U=2.710,P<0.01).(2) Gender,age,place of residence,physical disease,starting age,disease subtype,positive symptoms,negative symptoms,hospitaliza-tion time,hospitalization frequency,psychoticism and neuroticism,internal and external factors were signifi-cantly related to color preferences(r=0.010-0.216 or r=-0.122--0.054,P<0.05),which would be the influ-ence factors to color preferences(β=0.104-0.055 or β=-0.091- -0.056,P<0.05). Conclusion The most significant color preferences for patients with schizophrenia are red and black, which may be related to their cognitive function and personality characteristics.