摘要：
Under the premise that targets of the reservoir's original flood control and water supply were unaffected,in order to reduce the influence of reservoirs on river ecosystems,in allusion to the situation that the scheduling results satisfied the constraint of minimum ecological flux rather than the appropriate ecological flux,a model to solve ecological scheduling of Nierji reservoir under the condition of incomplete ecological constraints was proposed.The model was based on the scheduling results of constraints of the minimum ecological flux,the solving method of non-sufficient ecologically constrained flux approached the constraint of appropriate ecological flux step by step,and by introducing relaxation variables,the firefly algorithm (FA) was used to optimize the scheduling process which led to the establishment of the relation curve between the degree of the ecological assurance and the generated energy and the confirmation of the optimal equilibrium point under the restriction of the non-sufficient ecological flux by the Tennant evaluation through comparing the Kmin with K 1 methods.The results showed that according to the non-sufficient ecological constraint flux inquired by the used model,the ecological water consumption and the minimum ecological constraints could be increased by 4.415 billion m3,3.655 billion m3,5.596 billion m3,4.626 billion m3,3.790 billion m3 and 5.481 billion m3,respectively,in the six cases when compared with low flow years and normal years.It was indicated that there was still much room for ecological flow restriction,therefore,when the scheduling results satisfied the constraint of the minimum ecological flux rather than the appropriate ecological flux,it was inappropriate to select result of the constraint of the minimum ecological flux as the scheduling scheme;according to the established relation curve and K 1 method,the degree of ecological guarantee of optimal scheduling scheme under six constraints were 60％,80％,40％,60％,70％ and 70％,respectively and their generated energy were corresponded to 0.606 57 billion kW · h,0.603 12 billion kW · h,0.685 13 billion kW·h,0.667 96 billion kW·h,0.596 82 billion kW·h and 0.678 59 billion kW·h.In conclusion,the new scheduling model could effectively solve the problem of ecological scheduling under this kind of circumstance,improve the degree of ecological assurance,ensure certain economic benefits and provide a more reasonable scheduling approach for decision-makers and new ideas for these issues.%在不影响水库原有防洪及供水目标前提下,为了降低水库对河流生态系统的影响,针对部分调度模型存在调度结果满足最小生态流量约束而不满足适宜生态流量约束的情况,提出了以最小生态流量约束调度结果为基础,逐步向适宜生态流量约束靠近的非充分生态约束流量求解方法,并引入松弛变量,建立了生态保证程度与发电量的关系,通过对比Kmin法和Kmax-1法的Tennant评价结果确定水库生态调度的最佳平衡点,以此作为非充分生态约束条件下的尼尔基水库生态调度模型.结果表明,生态流量约束值还有很大的提升空间,不宜直接选取最小生态流量约束的调度结果作为调度方案;新的调度模型可以有效解决此类生态调度问题,给决策者提供更合理的调度方式,6种生态约束条件下的生态保证程度分别可提高60％、80％、40％、60％、70％、70％,电量损失率仅为2.01％、1.13％、1.28％、1.47％、2.16％、2.08％.
