摘要：
为了探究油料品质及制油工艺对花生毛油中邻苯二甲酸酯类塑化剂(phthalatic acid esters,PAEs)的影响规律,对未脱皮花生仁和脱皮花生仁分别采用压榨法和浸出法提取花生毛油,对未脱皮和脱皮花生仁及其对应毛油中PAEs含量进行检测分析,研究原料品质和制油工艺对花生毛油中PAEs含量的影响.结果表明:未脱皮和脱皮花生仁中均含有PAEs且在制油过程向毛油中迁移和富集,在不同制油工艺中迁移率的差别致使不同毛油中PAEs含量也有明显差别.7个未脱皮花生仁样品中邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(dibutyl phthalate,DBP)、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基)己酯(di(2-ethtlhexyl)phthalate,DEHP)、邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯(diisononyl ortho-phthalate,DINP)和8种塑化剂总的(total content of 8 PAEs,∑8PAEs)质量分数分别为0.085～0.540、0.325～1.372、0.422～0.771和0.964～3.403 mg/kg.花生浸出毛油中DBP、DEHP、DINP及∑8PAEs平均含量是压榨毛油的1.39、1.23、1.16、1.22倍.花生仁脱皮制油可使毛油中DBP、DEHP、DINP、∑8PAEs含量分别降低33.0％～36.4％、26.7％～29.4％、15.0％～18.7％、22.5％～23.0％.在花生油生产尤其是炒香型花生油生产时,严格对花生仁原料中PAEs含量进行监控,同时采用花生脱皮压榨取油,对花生油产品的PAEs风险防范和控制有重要意义.研究结果可为企业生产高品质花生油,降低PAEs风险提供参考.%Phthalatic acid esters (PAEs) are one of the major risk components in edible vegetable oil. Peanut is the advantageous oil crop in China, and its output ranks the forefront in the world. Peanut oil is also the traditional high-end edible oil, and especially the majority of consumers enjoy the fragrant peanut oil because of its unique flavor. However, the study on the content of PAEs in peanut and its effect on the content of PAEs in peanut oil was very scarce. In this paper, the peanut raw material in different peanut producing areas was collected and peeled, and the contents of PAEs in peanut kernel, peanut coat and peeled peanut kernel were measured respectively. Then the peanut crude oils were obtained from peanut kernel or peeled peanut kernel by solvent extraction or pressing. The content of PAEs in peanut raw material and its corresponding crude oil were tested and analyzed, and in addition, the effects of raw material quality and oil production on the content of PAEs in peanut crude oil were explored. The results showed that PAEs were determined in all peanut materials, nevertheless, the distribution of PAEs in peanut was uneven, and the PAEs content in peanut coat was significantly higher than that in its corresponding peeled kernel and whole oilseed. The contents of dibutyl phthalate (DBP), di (2-ethtlhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), diisononyl ortho-phthalate (DINP) and the total content of 8 PAEs (Σ8PAEs) in 7 peanut samples were 0.085-0.540, 0.325-1.372, 0.422-0.771 and 0.964-3.403 mg/kg, respectively, while theΣ8PAEs content in peanut coat was 1.15-19.21 times that of peanut kernel. The PAEs in peanut would migrate and be enriched in crude oils during the process of oil production, what was more, the PAEs contents in peanut crude oil were different with different peanut raw material and processing techniques. The migration rate of the PAEs in solvent-extracted crude oil was greater than that of the pressed crude oil. For example, the average contents of DBP, DEHP, DINP andΣ8PAEs in peanut solvent-extracted crude oils were 1.39, 1.23, 1.16, and 1.22 times that of the pressed crude oils, respectively. For crude oil obtained from peanuts after peeling, the exposure risk of PAEs was lower than the oil obtained from peanut without peeling. For example, the contents of DBP, DEHP, DINP andΣ8PAEs in peeled peanut kernel crude oil could be reduced by 33.0％-36.4％, 26.7％-29.4％, 15.0％-18.7％ and 22.5％-23.0％, respectively. All in all, the quality of peanut raw material from different origins was quite different, the PAEs content in crude oil was significantly different under different oil production processes, and the solvent-extracted oil had higher degree of risk of PAEs pollution than the oil obtained by pressing. The oil obtained from peanut after peeling could reduce the PAEs content in crude oil, reducing the exposure risk of PAEs in crude oil. In the production of peanut oil, especially for the roasted fragrant peanut oil production, the contents of PAEs in peanut kernels should be strictly controlled by using peeled peanuts and pressing technique to produce crude oil, which is important for the prevention and control of PAEs in peanut oil products.
