摘要：
OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for improving the efficiency of medicine supply in primary health care institutions. METHODS:By stratified random sampling,6 counties of Dabie Mountains in Anhui province were selected as sample areas. Medicine purchase data of 143 primary health care institutions in 2015 were collected from Anhui provincial centralized purchase platform. Those data were analyzed in respects of purchase and distribution of National Essential Medicine,medicines of Anhui Province Essential Medicine List and cheap medicines. By stratified random sampling,12 primary health care institutions were selected for on-site interview. The reasons for medicine distribution and insufficient distribution were investigated. RESULTS:The rate of medicine distribution in the sample areas was 82.27%,and the rate of essential medicine distribution was more than 80%. Ratio of purchase amount for national essential medicines and medicines of Anhui Province Essential Medicine List were all up to standard in different types of primary health care institutions. The rate of cheap medicine distribution was in low level(only 80%). The distribution rate had great difference in the primary health care institutions and different areas;the highest rate of medicine distribution reached 99.86%,and the lowest was only 46.18%. The results of on-site investigation showed that main reasons for insufficient distribution were the divided area distribution model had a certain influence on the market competitiveness of the distribution enterprises,and distribution enterprises strength had huge differences. CONCLUSIONS:The primary health care institutions have high awareness of National Essential Medicine System in Dabie Mountains of Anhui Province;purchase rate and overall distribution rate of essential medicine are also high. There are great differences in distribution efficiency among different areas and health care institutions,and some health care institutions cannot distribute medicine in time with full capacity. It is suggested to conduct"two-receipt system"of medicine distribution,perfect medicine distribution enterprise supervision system, establish medicine circulation information platform and lead cheap medicine supply guarantee by government,etc. Those measures can guarantee the accessibility and selectivity of the masses to essential medicines in grass-roots areas.%目的:为提高基层医疗卫生机构的药品供应效率提供参考.方法:采用分层随机抽样法,抽取安徽省大别山集中连片特殊困难地区6个县区作为样品点,从安徽省集中采购平台获取各样品点县区内143个基层医疗卫生机构2015年的药品采购数据,分析其国家基本药物、安徽省基本用药目录药物及廉价药的采购及配送情况;再通过分层随机抽样法,抽取12个基层医疗卫生机构进行现场访谈,了解药品配送情况及配送不足的原因等.结果:样本地区的药品整体配送率为82.27%,基本药物配送率超过80%;各类基层医疗卫生机构的国家基本药物及安徽省基本用药目录药物的采购金额构成比均达到标准;廉价药的整体配送率偏低(仅57%);区域间、基层医疗卫生机构间的配送率差异较大,最高者可达99.86%,最低者仅46.18%.现场访谈调查结果显示,药品配送不足现象的主要原因为基层医疗卫生机构采用的药品分片区配送模式对配送企业的市场竞争力有一定影响,且配送企业实力差异较大.结论:安徽省大别山集中连片特殊困难地区基层医疗卫生机构对国家基本药物制度的认知度较高,基本药物的采购率和整体配送率也符合要求,但区域间、医疗卫生机构间配送效率差异较大,仍有部分医疗卫生机构的药品配送无法按时、足量完成.建议采取推行药品配送"两票制"、健全药品配送企业监管机制、建立药品流通信息平台、政府部门主导廉价药的供应保障等措施,保证基层地区群众对基本药物的可及性和选择性.
