摘要：
Hexomyza caraganae is a newly discovered pest on the sand-fixation tree species Caragana korshinskii in Longxi,Gansu Province.The morphological characteristics,the developmental duration,annual life cycle and other biological characteristics of the insect were mainly identified.Uner indoor conditions,i.e.temperature 25°C,50％ relative humidity (RH),light cycle 15L:9D,the annual life cycle of the Hexomyza caraganae,the eclosion habits,male and female sex ratio,adult life span,mating habits,oviposition,as well as larvae feeding habits and pupation habits of the Hexomyza caraganae were observed.In Longxi,Gansu Province,the Hexomyza caraganae occurred one generation a year,and overwintered with 2-instar larvae in the mine.In late march until early April of the following year,the larvae molted into 3-instars.In early April,the middle ten days of the April,the 3-instar began to pupate.The adult stage was in late April to May,adult began to mate 2-24 hours after eclosion,and lay eggs 12-24 hours after mating.Egg stage lasted from mid-April to mid-June.The developmental duration of the eggs,larvae,pupae,and adults of H.caraganaein the indoor conditions were 36 d,256 d,19 d and 6 d,respectively,and that of a complete generation was 320 d.The hatching,pupation,and the eclosion rates were 55％,61％ and 70％,respectively.The eclosion tended to occur in the morning at 6:00-12:00,after emergence and finishing wings,they started flying.The sex ratio of the adult male and female was 7:4.The life expectancy of the adult female was 5.6 days,male life expectancy was 6.1 days.Adult mating always occurred in the morning and lasted 25-35 min;12 to 24 hours after mating,they began to lay eggs,when the fly laying eggs,scraped the epidermis of the host plant,and lay eggs around the wet area of leaf base bud subcutaneous.1-Instars mainly fed phloem of Caragana korshinskii,2-instars began to feed from phloem to xylem,and 3-instars ate a lot and evacuated a lot,and digged a emergence hole at the upper or lower end of the emergence hole.The annual life cycle and the pest occurrence regularity of the H.caraganae were understood in the fieldsIts biological characteristics were revealed,such as the adult sex ratio,life span,mode of laying eggs and the feeding habit of larvae.These results would provide the basic information for the artificial breeding and scientific prevention and control of the pests.%柠条瘿潜蝇(Hexomyza caraganae)是在甘肃陇西地区固沙主要树种柠条(Caragana korshinskii)上新发现的蛀干害虫.本研究在温度25°C,相对湿度(RH)50％、光周期15L:9D的室内条件下,观察柠条瘿潜蝇羽化习性、成虫寿命、交尾和产卵,幼虫的取食和化蛹习性等;在田间定点定时观察年生活史.结果表明,柠条瘿潜蝇在甘肃陇西地区1 a发生1代,以2龄幼虫在潜道中越冬;次年3月下旬-4月上旬蜕皮进入3龄;4月上中旬3龄幼虫老熟化蛹;4月下旬至5月下旬为成虫期,成虫出现2～24 h开始交尾;交尾完成后的12～24 h开始产卵,卵期从4月中旬持续到6月中旬.在室内条件下,柠条瘿潜蝇卵、幼虫、蛹、成虫的发育历期分别为36、265、19、6d,完成1个世代约需320 d.其卵孵化率、幼虫化蛹率、蛹的羽化率分别为55％、61％、70％.羽化多发生在6:00-12:00,羽化后静伏整理翅膀之后开始飞行;成虫雌雄性别比为7∶4,雌虫平均寿命为5.6d,雄虫平均寿命为6.1d;成虫交尾多发生于上午,交尾时间25～35 min;交尾结束12～24 h开始产卵,产卵时用产卵器刮破寄主皮层,将卵产在叶基芽苞周围皮下湿润处;1龄幼虫主要取食柠条韧皮部,2龄幼虫逐渐由韧皮部向木质部蛀食,3龄幼虫食量剧增,大量排泄,并在潜道上部或下部蛀掘羽化孔.研究明确了柠条瘿潜蝇在田间的年生活史及发生规律,确定了其成虫性比、寿命、产卵方式以及幼虫蛀食习性等主要生物学特性,可为柠条瘿潜蝇的人工饲养及科学防控提供基础资料.
