resolution

摘要： With the constant development of multiphoton microscopy,our ability to observe complex and dynamic biological processes deeper within living tissue,is steadily improving.Researchers use multiphoton microscopy,because experiments can be conducted with little to no invasiveness or tissue damage over a long period of time with no photodamage(Mancuso et al.,2009).This allows for the introduction of tissue into the context of a three-dimensional 3D environment in which visualization of cellular activation and interaction is viable.By circumventing a distorted reconstruction with limited z-stacks,multiphoton imaging provides enhanced spatiotemporal resolution.

摘要： A simultaneous high-resolution x-ray backlighting and self-emission imaging method for laser-produced plasma diagnostics is developed in which two Kirkpatrick–Baez imaging channels for high-energy and low-energy diagnostics are constructed using a combination of multilayer mirrors in near-coaxial form.By using a streak or framing camera placed on the image plane,both backlit and self-emission images of a laserproduced plasma with high spatial and temporal resolution can be obtained simultaneously in a single shot.This paper describes the details of the method with regard to its optical and multilayer design,assembly,and alignment method.In addition,x-ray imaging results with a spatial resolution better than 5μm in the laboratory and experimental results with imploding capsules in the SG-III prototype laser facility are presented.

摘要： Connectome-scale structural mapping is fundamental for understanding the underlying mechanisms of brain cognition and brain disease pathogenesis.By combining rapidly developing three-dimensional(3D)imaging techniques and big data analysis methods,researchers are working on mesoscale mapping of mammalian brains at an accelerated pace.Here,we briefly describe existing brain-wide imaging strategies,especially our recently established primateoptimized pipeline capable of pan-brain neuronal connectivity mapping at subcellular resolution,and further discuss their vast application prospects in the big data era of zoology.

摘要： Kalman filtering (KF) is a popular form of data assimilation, especially in real-time applications. It combines observations with an equation that describes the dynamic evolution of a system to produce an estimate of its present-time state. Although KF does not use future information in producing an estimate of the state vector, later reanalysis of the archival data set can produce an improved estimate, in which all data, past, present and future, contribute. We examine the case in which the reanalysis is performed using generalized least squares (GLS), and establish the relationship between the real-time Kalman estimate and the GLS reanalysis. We show that the KF solution at a given time is equal to the GLS solution that one would obtain if data excluded future times. Furthermore, we show that the recursive procedure in KF is exactly equivalent to the solution of the GLS problem via Thomas’ algorithm for solving the block-tridiagonal matrix that arises in the reanalysis problem. This connection suggests that GLS reanalysis is better considered the final step of a single process, rather than a “different method” arbitrarily being applied, post factor. The connection also allows the concept of resolution, so important in other areas of inverse theory, to be applied to KF formulations. In an exemplary thermal diffusion problem, model resolution is found to be somewhat localized in both time and space, but with an extremely rough averaging kernel.

摘要： The article "Integrating cross-sensor high spatial resolution satellite images to detect subtle forest vegetation change in the Purple Mountains,a national scenic spot in Nanjing,China",written by Fangyan Zhu,Wenjuan Shen,Jiaojiao Diao,Mingshi Li and Guang Zheng,was originally pub-lished electronically on the publisher’s Internet portal(currently SpringerLink)on 14 May 2019 without open access.

摘要： A compact broadband Compton spectrometer with high spectral resolution has been designed to detect spectra of laser-driven high-flux gamma rays.The primary detection range of the gamma-ray spectrum is 0.5 MeV–13 MeV,although a secondary harder gamma-ray region of 13 MeV–30MeV can also be covered.The Compton-scattered electrons are spectrally resolved using a curved surface detector and a nonuniform magnetic field produced by a pair of step-like magnets.This design allows a compact structure,a wider bandwidth,especially in the lower-energy region of 0.5 MeV–2 MeV,and optimum spectral resolution.The spectral resolution is 5%–10%in the range 4 MeV–13 MeV and better than 25%in the range 0.5MeV–4MeV(with an Al converter of 0.25mmthickness and a collimator of 1 cm inner diameter).Low-Z plastic materials are used on the inner surface of the spectrometer to suppress noise due to secondary X-ray fluorescence.The spectrometer can be adjusted flexibly via a specially designed mechanical component.An algorithmbased on a regularizationmethod has also been developed to reconstruct the gamma-ray spectrum from the scattered electrons.

摘要： Video inpainting is a technique that fills in the missing regions or gaps in a video by using its known pixels.The existing video inpainting algorithms are computationally expensive and introduce seam in the target region that arises due to variation in brightness or contrast of the patches.To overcome these drawbacks,the authors propose a novel two-stage framework.In the first step,sub-bands of wavelets of a low-resolution image are obtained using the dualtree complex wavelet transform.Criminisi algorithm and auto-regression technique are then applied to these subbands to inpaint the missing regions.The fuzzy logic-based histogram equalisation is used to further enhance the image by preserving the image brightness and improve the local contrast.In the second step,the image is enhanced using super-resolution technique.The process of down-sampling,inpainting and subsequently enhancing the video using the super-resolution technique reduces the video inpainting time.The framework is tested on video sequences by comparing and analysing the structural similarity index matrix,peak-signal-to-noise ratio,visual information fidelity in pixel domain and execution time with the state-of-the-art algorithms.The experimental analysis gives visually pleasing results for object removal and error concealment.

摘要： The learning-based super-resolution reconstruction method inputs a low-resolution image into a network,and learns a non-linear mapping relationship between low-resolution and high-resolution through the network.In this study,the multi-scale super-resolution reconstruction network is used to fuse the effective features of different scale images,and the non-linear mapping between low resolution and high resolution is studied from coarse to fine to realise the end-to-end super-resolution reconstruction task.The loss of some features of the low-resolution image will negatively affect the quality of the reconstructed image.To solve the problem of incomplete image features in low-resolution,this study adopts the multi-scale super-resolution reconstruction method based on guided image filtering.The high-resolution image reconstructed by the multi-scale super-resolution network and the real high-resolution image are merged by the guide image filter to generate a new image,and the newly generated image is used for secondary training of the multi-scale super-resolution reconstruction network.The newly generated image effectively compensates for the details and texture information lost in the low-resolution image,thereby improving the effect of the super-resolution reconstructed image.Compared with the existing super-resolution reconstruction scheme,the accuracy and speed of super-resolution reconstruction are improved.

摘要： As a leading figure of the romantic poetry,Wordsworth has a deep love for nature and this special love further leads his love for common working people as they live in nature and they are the closest to nature.As a result,the sources of his poetry often come from ordinary people''s life and his poems in turn encourage common people to face misfortune and overcome hardships of life.In his We Are Seven,the poet demonstrates different attitudes towards death between a sophisticated adult and an innocent child,expressing the idea that being innocent can help people understand death in a natural way;in Resolution and Independence,the poor old man''s strong resolution and firm mind give the poet great power and courage to face hardships of life.The themes of these two poems—innocence and resolution reveal Wordsworth''s response to death and hardships of life.

摘要： The pervasive herdsmen-farmers conflicts in the north-central region of Nigeria have changed the narrative of Nigeria’s enduring ethnic crises to ideologies, which are in-controvertibly sinister. The consequences of this tension, which has defied possible military responses, political, religious and cultural strategies are potentially devastating, not just for Nigeria, but the whole of West African region. Since the particular nature of these conflicts increasingly highlights the significance and inevitability of land resources for crops farming and cattle rearing, it is imperative to create awareness of the elemental nature of soils, especially their diversities in these conflict-prone areas. This study’s objective was to produce a Geographic Information System (GIS) based digital soil map (DSM) of the north-central region of Nigeria, and to delineate soil distribution and unique properties. Based on this study, the DSM offers a quick access to quantitative soil data covering the study area. It indicates that soil mapping units 15d, 18d and 24b are dominant, and constitute about 40% of the local arable lands. The broad pattern of distribution of these soils reflects both the climatic conditions and the geological structure of the region. The soils are highly weathered with limited capacities to supply essential nutrients needed by crop plants. These issues raise a number of questions, most of which focuses on the best possible way to maximize these soils to accommodate both crop farming and cattle rearing. It is our hope that taking the advantage of GIS to stimulate the knowledge and consciousness of soil distribution in the region will place the weight where it is appropriate in terms of food security through crops production and cattle rearing, and hence forge a more realistic pathway to reconciliation and conflict resolution.