rate

摘要： 1 Introduction and Main Results Let f be a decreasing density with support[0,∞).Denote by Fn the empirical distribution function of a sample X_(1),...,X_(n) from f.Let F_(n) be the concave majorant of F_(n) on[0,∞),i.e.

摘要： BACKGROUND Caloric stimulation of the vestibular system is associated with autonomic response.The lateralization in the nervous system activities also involves the autonomic nervous system.AIM To compare the effect of the right and left ear caloric test on the cardiac sympathovagal tone in healthy persons.METHODS This self-control study was conducted on 12 healthy male volunteers.The minimal ice water caloric test was applied for vestibular stimulation.This was done by irrigating 1 milliliter of 4±2°C ice water into the external ear canal in 1 s.In each experiment,only one ear was stimulated.For each ear,the pessimum position was considered as sham control and the optimum position was set as caloric vestibular stimulation of horizontal semicircular channel.The order of right or left caloric vestibular stimulation and the sequence of optimum or pessimum head position in each set were random.The recovery time between each calorie test was 5 min.The short-term heart rate variability(HRV)was used for cardiac sympathovagal tone metrics.All variables were compared using the analysis of variance.RESULTS After caloric vestibular stimulation,the short-term time-domain and frequencydomain HRV indices as well as,the systolic and the diastolic arterial blood pressure,the respiratory rate and the respiratory amplitude,had no significant changes.These negative results were similar in the right and the left sides.Nystagmus duration of left caloric vestibular stimulations in the optimum and the pessimum positions had significant differences(e.g.,72.14±39.06 vs 45.35±35.65,P<0.01).Nystagmus duration of right caloric vestibular stimulations in the optimum and the pessimum positions had also significant differences(e.g.,86.42±67.20 vs 50.71±29.73,P<0.01).The time of the start of the nystagmus following caloric vestibular stimulation had no differences in both sides and both positions.CONCLUSION Minimal ice water caloric stimulation of the right and left vestibular system did not affect the cardiac sympathovagal balance according to HRV indices.

摘要： This study investigated the effect of fixed height standing-workstation on different people with diverse anthropometry dimensions. Measurements of some anthropometric and physiological parameters are carried out as bases for the calculation of body mass index (BMI) and the determination of the maximum heart rate (HRmax) and aerobic power (VO2max) of individual subject while performing manual cutting operation with hacksaw on fixed vice height of 940 mm. Twenty subjects (S1 to S20) parted 2 mm thick square-pipe of 25 mm × 25 mm. Each subject carried out cutting operation in 5 replicates and their physiological parameters during activities are measured to determine their expended energy (EE) and oxygen consumption rate (VO2). The results showed that subject S4 with BMI of 20.76 kg/m2 has maximum cutting rate of 5.33 stroke/s, while subject S8 with BMI of 23.39 kg/m2 has minimum cutting rate of 0.92 stroke/s. There was a statistically significant effect on the interaction between BMI, EE and Cutting rate, with F = 827.54, P = 0.000, R2 = 0.967 and S = 1.749 units. Subject S11 was discovered to have VO2 (28.54 l/min) and VO2max (24.36 ml/min/kg), with highest value of EE (2.94 kcal/min). Wear rates of 1.86 teeth/s and 9.55 teeth/s have the same energy cost (EE = 0.87 kcal/min) but different cutting time of 36.65 s (S18) and 10.89 s (S20) respectively. This could explain in-part that excess 25.76 s utilized in operation time by subject S18 is responsible for keeping approximately 7.7 teeth intact as regards tool management. EE and Tool Wear Rate in one-way analysis of variance, were statistically significant (F = 45.87, P = 0.000, R2 = 54.69% and S = 1.617 units) at 0.05 level.

摘要： BACKGROUND The adenoma detection rate(ADR)is inversely associated with the incidence of interval colorectal cancer and serves as a benchmark quality criterion during screening colonoscopy.However,adenoma miss rates reach up to 26%and studies have shown that a second inspection of the right colon in retroflected view(RFV)can increase ADR.AIM To assess whether inspection of the whole colon in RFV compared to standard forward view(SFV)can increase ADR.METHODS Patients presenting for screening or surveillance colonoscopy were invited to participate in this randomized controlled trial and randomized into two arms.In RFV arm colonoscopy was initially performed with SFV,followed by a second inspection of the whole colon in RFV.In the SFV arm first withdrawal was performed with SFV,followed by a second inspection of the whole colon again with SFV.Number,size and morphology of polyps found during first and second inspection in each colonic segment were recorded and all polyps were removed and sent for histopathology in separate containers.RESULTS Two hundred and five patients were randomly assigned to the RFV(n=101)and SFV(n=104)arm.In the RFV arm,both polyp detection rate(PDR)and ADR were increased under second inspection in RFV(PDR 1st SFV:39.8%,PDR 2nd RFV:46.6%;ADR 1st SFV:35.2%,ADR 2nd RFV:42%).Likewise,in the SFV arm,PDR and ADR were increased under second inspection(PDR 1st SFV:37.5%,PDR 2nd SFV:46.6%;ADR 1st SFV:34.1%,ADR 2nd SFV:44.3%)with no significant differences in ADR and PDR between the SFV and RFV arm.Mean number of adenomas per patient(APP)was increased in the RFV and SFV(APP RFV arm:1st SFV:1.71;2nd RFV:2.38;APP SFV arm:1st SFV:1.83,2nd SFV:2.2).The majority of adenomas additionally found during second inspection in RFV or in SFV were located in the transverse and left-sided colon and were>5 mm in size.CONCLUSION Second inspection of the whole colon leads to increased adenoma detection with no differences between SFV and RFV.Hence,increased detection is most likely a feature of the second inspection itself but not of the inspection mode.

摘要： BACKGROUND Biliary diseases are common digestive system disorders which may combine with biliary tract infection such as cholecystitis or cholangitis.Thus,rapid identification of the bacteria and their antibiotic susceptibility profiles are crucial for reducing the mortality of patients with biliary tract infection.AIM To identify bacterial species and antibiotic susceptibility for antibacterial therapy and analyze bile cultivation risk factors for increasing detection rates.METHODS This retrospective study was conducted from July 2008 to July 2017.In total,1339 bile samples which were collected during therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopan-creatography or percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage or other biliary surgeries or biliary drainage were obtained to characterize pathogen spectra,antibiotic susceptibility,and clinical features.Clinical data including age,sex,comorbidities,clinical symptoms,protopathies,and history of biliary tract diseases and surgeries were collated from hospital medical records.Species identification and initial drug susceptibility were further identified by biochemical characterization using the VITEK 2 Compact test.RESULTS Positive microbiological findings were observed in 738 samples.The most frequently encountered strains were gram-negative bacteria(74.94%),including Escherichia coli(37.78%),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(8.96%),and Klebsiella pneumoniae(10.29%).Bile bacteria were largely sensitive to carbapenems,piperacillin/tazobactam,and gentamicin.Gram-negative strains had low susceptibility to ceftriaxone,quinolones and ampicillin.Almost the same microorganisms were present in patients with malignant and benign diseases.The number of samples with Klebsiella pneumoniae in the bile culture were significantly different between patients with malignant and benign diseases(55 vs 30;P=0.019).Age(P<0.001),fever(P<0.001),history of biliary tract diseases and surgeries(both P<0.001),benign disease(P=0.002),and the comorbidity chronic renal insufficiency(P=0.007)affected the positive rates of the bile samples.CONCLUSION Gram-negative bacteria were the most commonly isolated biliary bacteria.We determined the major factors associated with positive detection rates.Microbiological analysis of bile samples allowed accurate antibiotic treatments.

摘要： In this paper, we study a semilinear Timoshenko system with heat conduction having two damping effects. The observation that two damping effects might lead to smaller decay rates for solutions in comparison to one damping effect is rigorously proved here in providing optimality results. Moreover, the global well-posedness for small data is presented.

摘要： In today’s world, computer network is evolving very rapidly. Most public or/and private companies set up their own local networks system for the purpose of promoting communication and data sharing within the companies. Unfortunately, their data and local networks system are under risks. With the advanced computer networks, the unauthorized users attempt to access their local networks system so as to compromise the integrity, confidentiality and availability of resources. Multiple methods and approaches have to be applied to protect their data and local networks system against malicious attacks. The main aim of our paper is to provide an intrusion detection system based on soft computing algorithms such as Self Organizing Feature Map Artificial Neural Network and Genetic Algorithm to network intrusion detection system. KDD Cup 99 and 1998 DARPA dataset were employed for training and testing the intrusion detection rules. However, GA’s traditional Fitness Function was improved in order to evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of the algorithm in classifying network attacks from KDD Cup 99 and 1998 DARPA dataset. SOFM ANN and GA training parameters were discussed and implemented for performance evaluation. The experimental results demonstrated that SOFM ANN achieved better performance than GA, where in SOFM ANN high attack detection rate is 99.98%, 99.89%, 100%, 100%, 100% and low false positive rate is 0.01%, 0.1%, 0%, 0%, 0% for DoS, R2L, Probe, U2R attacks, and Normal traffic respectively.

摘要： BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy(DR) separately has been noted as a major public health problem worldwide as well. Currently, many studies have demonstrated an association between diabetic nephropathy and DR in type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM) patients, but this association is less strong in T2DM. The evidence for an association between renal function and DR and visual impairment among T2DM patients is limited, particularly in the Asian population.AIM To assess the association between glomerular filtration rate(GFR) and DR, severe DR, and severe visual impairment among T2DM patients in Thailand.METHODS We conducted a nationwide cross-sectional study based on the DM/HT study of the Medical Research Network of the Consortium of Thai Medical Schools. This study evaluated adult T2DM patients from 831 public hospitals in Thailand in the year 2013. GFR was categorized into ≥ 90, 60-89, 30-59 and < 30 mL/min/1.73 m^2.The association between GFR and DR, severe DR, and severe visual impairment were assessed using multivariate logistic regression.RESULTS A total of 13192 T2DM patients with available GFR were included in the analysis.The mean GFR was 66.9 ± 25.8 mL/min/1.73 m^2. The prevalence of DR,proliferative DR, diabetic macular edema, and severe visual impairment were 12.4%, 1.8%, 0.2%, and 2.1%, respectively. Patients with GFR of 60-89, 30-59 and <30 mL/min/1.73 m^2 were significantly associated with increased DR and severe DR when compared with patients with GFR of ≥ 90 mL/min/1.73 m^2. In addition,increased severe visual impairment was associated with GFR 30-59 and < 30 m L/min/1.73 m^2.CONCLUSION Decreased GFR was independently associated with increased DR, severe DR, and severe visual impairment. GFR should be monitored in diabetic patients for DR awareness and prevention.

摘要： The present study is to improve the volume flow rate of an axial fan through optimizing the blade shape under the demand for a specified static pressure. Fourteen design variables were selected to control the blade camber lines and the stacking line and the values of these variables were determined by using the experimental design method of the Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) to generate forty designs. The optimization was carried out using the genetic algorithm (GA) coupled with the artificial neural network (ANN) to increase the volume flow rate of the axial fan under the constraint of a specific motor power and a required static pressure. Differences in the aerodynamic performance and the flow characteristics between the original model and the optimal model were analyzed in detail. The results showed that the volume flow rate of the optimal model increased by 33%. The chord length, the installation angle and the cascade turning angle changed considerably. The forward leaned blade was beneficial to improve the volume flow rate of the axial fan. The axial velocity distribution and the static pressure distribution on the blade surface were improved after optimization.

摘要： 本公开涉及利用定制信号激励模块进行快速MRI采集（RATE）的方法与系统。一种利用定制信号激励模块在MRI扫描中的多个时间点进行MRI数据快速采集的系统与方法，所述方法包括步骤：通过使用RF激励脉冲结合一个或多个磁场梯度获得定制信号激励模块；利用采用所获得的定制信号激励模块的脉冲序列在一个时间点采集混叠的k‑空间数据集，其标给不同的k‑空间点加标签并且重叠它们；重复步骤（a）和（b），以便在扫描中的多个时间点采集混叠的k‑空间数据集，同时作为时间的函数给重叠的k‑空间点加标签，以便获得加速的k‑t数据集；通过沿着时间轴傅立叶变化它们来撤销所采集的k‑空间数据集中的k‑空间混叠，之后是分离重叠点的过滤过程；及沿着一个或多个轴执行去混叠的k‑空间数据集的傅立叶变换，以便为采集数据的不同时间点生成图像帧。

摘要： 本发明提出了一种基于Rate‑one结点的极化码分段译码方法，该算法首先通过Rate‑one结点构造反转比特选取集合,称为Rate‑one关键集，在译码时只需要考虑Rate‑one关键集内选择待反转比特。该算法采用分段策略，编码端对Rate‑one关键集内的比特进行独立的CRC校验，在译码端对相应的段内比特进行CRC校验。在译码端，当CRC校验错误时，按照似然值绝对值大小对Rate‑one关键集内的比特进行筛选，作为候选反转比特。本方法可以有效提高极化码的纠错性能，降低译码复杂度。

摘要： 本发明公开了一种基于RATER指数的大数据电力客户优质服务质量评价方法，采用层次化评价体系：将评价指标体系划分为三层，即业务细类层、服务质量大类层和目标层；将服务质量划分为5类：社会形象、专业水平、保障设施、服务能力、响应速度；按权重逐层折算叠加，从业务细类映射到反映服务质量的5个大类，再通过服务质量大类的折算归并为目标层的单一指标，从而量化反映客户服务质量。本发明可以更全面客观地评估业务过程的执行质量并实现定量输出，相比其他评价方法得分敏感度更高；能综合地反映系统多种因素对优质服务质量的影响，更直接地发现客户服务中的不足与瓶颈，对提升客户服务品质和资源的优质配置具有非常重要的意义。

摘要： 本公开涉及利用定制信号激励模块进行快速MRI采集（RATE）的方法与系统。一种利用定制信号激励模块在MRI扫描中的多个时间点进行MRI数据快速采集的系统与方法，所述方法包括步骤：通过使用RF激励脉冲结合一个或多个磁场梯度获得定制信号激励模块；利用采用所获得的定制信号激励模块的脉冲序列在一个时间点采集混叠的k-空间数据集，其标给不同的k-空间点加标签并且重叠它们；重复步骤（a）和（b），以便在扫描中的多个时间点采集混叠的k-空间数据集，同时作为时间的函数给重叠的k-空间点加标签，以便获得加速的k-t数据集；通过沿着时间轴傅立叶变化它们来撤销所采集的k-空间数据集中的k-空间混叠，之后是分离重叠点的过滤过程；及沿着一个或多个轴执行去混叠的k-空间数据集的傅立叶变换，以便为采集数据的不同时间点生成图像帧。

摘要： 本发明适用于通信领域，提供了一种基于多进制chirp‑rate键控调制的声波通信方法，包括信号发送及信号接收，所述方法包括：对需要发送的数字信号进行信道编码及进行多进制chirp‑rate键控调制以生成已调信号，并在已调信号前插入同步头以形成发射信号；对接收信号进行同步处理、对同步处理信号进行解调获得原始的数字信号，所述同步处理包括帧同步处理和/或码元同步处理。本发明实施例中，使用多进制chirp‑rate键控调制来调制信号，信息传输速率高，对接收的信号进行帧同步和/或码元同步，一定程度上提高了信号同步的精度，也进一步提高接收信号的效率。

摘要： 本发明公开了一种低速率拒绝服务LDoS攻击、检测和防御模块。低速率拒绝服务LDoS(Low-rate？Denial？of？Service)攻击是一种新型的DoS攻击。它利用TCP的拥塞控制机制。LDoS平均攻击速率较低，能躲避传统的检测方法。本发明首先模拟产生LDoS攻击的周期流量，对攻击性能进行测试。试验表明，LDoS攻击具有隐蔽性强和破坏力大的特点。其次，发明一种基于时间窗统计的检测算法，测试结果表明该方法能够高效的检测LDoS攻击。最后，本发明采用一种基于Flow？tables的“黑白名单”防御方法，结果表明该防御方法可以有效的防御LDoS攻击。使用本发明所提供的技术方案，能实现LDoS攻击，测试攻击效果，并且能够有效的检测和防御LDoS攻击。

摘要： 本发明适用于通信领域，提供了一种基于多进制chirp‑rate键控调制的声波通信方法，包括信号发送及信号接收，所述方法包括：对需要发送的数字信号进行信道编码及进行多进制chirp‑rate键控调制以生成已调信号，并在已调信号前插入同步头以形成发射信号；对接收信号进行同步处理、对同步处理信号进行解调获得原始的数字信号，所述同步处理包括帧同步处理和/或码元同步处理。本发明实施例中，使用多进制chirp‑rate键控调制来调制信号，信息传输速率高，对接收的信号进行帧同步和/或码元同步，一定程度上提高了信号同步的精度，也进一步提高接收信号的效率。