摘要：
[目的]高含钾量是优质烟叶的一项重要指标.比较不同烟草品种的含钾量及其对施用钾肥的反应,为筛选高钾基因型烟草品种提供基础.[方法]以93份烟草种质资源为研究对象,在凉山州进行连续两年的大田试验.设置常规钾(K2O=300 kg/hm2)与低钾(K2O=150 kg/hm2)两个水平,成熟期测定烟叶含钾量,以聚类分析将烟草分类,并分析其在不同叶位间的基因型差异.[结果]施钾量影响烟草上、中、下部叶片钾含量,常规钾水平下的烟叶含钾量高于低钾水平,常规施钾量下的上、中、下部烟叶含钾量分别为低钾水平下的1.13、1.14、1.15倍(2014年)和1.10、1.25、1.35倍(2015年).将烟叶含钾量进行聚类分析,供试材料被划分为高钾型、普通型和低钾型3类,并筛选获得了典型材料.高钾型烟草的上、中、下部烟叶含钾量均显著高于普通型及低钾型烟草材料.常规施钾水平下,高钾型烟草的上、中、下部烟叶含钾量分别是低钾型的1.50～1.92、1.54～2.52、1.31～2.36倍;低钾水平下分别为1.27～1.93、1.66～2.24、1.72～1.73倍.[结论]高钾基因型烟草上、中、下部烟叶的含钾量均显著高于普通型和低钾型;普通型上部叶的含钾量与低钾型烟草之间无显著差异,中、下部烟叶含钾量普通型显著高于低钾基因型.通过两年田间试验筛选获得了6份高钾型烟草材料,包括嘎吉红大、长叶红大、达白1号、达白2号、MFZS、930032-7,可应用于烟叶生产,亦可为富钾基因型品种选育提供育种亲本材料.%[Objectives] Potassium content is one of the most important indexes of tobacco quality.Investigation on the K contents of tobacco cultivars will help screen K-efficient tobacco genotype.[Methods] Field experiments were carried out for 2 years (2014-2015) in the main tobacco producing region of Xichang City,Sichuan Province.93 tobacco germplasm resources were collected and grown under normal and reduced K application rates (K2O 300 and 150 kg/hm2).The K contents of upper,middle and lower parts of leaves of tobacco were analyzed,and the genotypes were grouped into high,middle and low K-efficiency using clustering analysis method.[Results] The K contents of the 93 germplasm resources were significantly different under the two K application rates,and the K contents under the normal K rate were significantly higher than those under the reduced K rate.The average K contents of the upper,middle and lower parts of leaves under the normal K rate were 1.13,1.14 and 1.15 times of those under the reduced K rate in 2014,respectively,and were 1.10,1.25 and 1.35 times in 2015.According to the K contents in leaves,the tested 93 genotypes were classified into high,common and low K content genotypes.The leaf K contents in the upper,middle and lower parts of tobacco with high-K efficiency were all higher than those of the other two genotypes.The K contents in the upper,middle and lower part of leaves of the high K content genotypes were respectively 1.50-1.92,1.54-2.52,1.31-2.36 (under the normal K application rate) and 1.27-1.93,1.66-2.24,1.72-1.73 (under the low K application rate) times of those of the low K content genotypes.[Conclusions] The high K content genotype materials selected in the two-consecutive-year experiment including Gajihongda,Changyehongda,Dabai 1,Dabai 2,MFZS and 930032-7 could be applied to the tobacco production and provided as parent materials for potassium-enriched tobacco breeding operation.
