Methods and devices to avoid double consumption problems in read / write set model-based blockchain technology

摘要

Disclosed herein are methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for avoiding double-spending problem in read-write set-model-based blockchain technology. One of the methods includes receiving instructions to execute two or more blockchain transactions on a piece of data, where all blockchain transactions of the two or more blockchain transactions modify a value of the piece of data, and for each blockchain transaction from the two or more blockchain transactions, pre-executing a smart contract associated with the blockchain transaction to generate a special instruction indicating the blockchain transaction, where the special instruction is used to validate that a current value of the piece of data supports the blockchain transaction when executing the smart contract to write the blockchain transaction to a blockchain.