An over-ear blood-glucose measurement apparatus 108 comprises: a first portion 110 arranged to contact a measurement region 102 on a first face 104 of an outer ear portion 100 of a user; a second portion 112 arranged to contact the measurement region on a second face 106 of an outer ear portion of the user, the second face diametrically opposing the first face. The first portion comprising a light source 116, positioned to emit light in a direction toward the second portion. The second portion comprises a light sensing member 120 arranged to receive the light through the measurement region, and further arranged to transmit light data characteristic of the received light. The apparatus further comprises a memory 122 arranged to receive and store the light data; and a transceiver 124 arranged to transmit the stored light data to a remote device. The measurement region on the outer ear may be selected from the helix, scapha, antihelix, triangular fossa, concha cymba or concha cavum. The light source may emit 780nm-2500nm wavelength near infrared light. The apparatus may be substantially water-resistant or water-proof. The remote device transceiver may transmit an actuation signal to an artificial pancreas.
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