Process for the preparation of acids from natural gases, petroleum, mineral oils and the distillation and decomposition products of these substances, also from carburetted water-gas, oil-gas, producer-gas tar, water-gas tar, oil-gas tar and the like

摘要

The unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons contained in mineral oils or the liquid or gaseous products of their distillation or cracking, in natural gas, in the liquid or gaseous products of the destructive distillation of coal, wood, peat, shale, shale oils, or tar oils, or in carburetted water gas, oil gas, water-gas tar, oil-gas tar, lignite tar, producer gas, coal-gas, &c., are converted into fatty acids by first treating the gases, oils, &c. with mineral acids (sulphuric, hydrochloric, &c.), whereby the unsaturated hydrocarbons are converted into esters, and then treating these esters with oxidizing-agents. For example, the acid sludge or acid resins obtained in refining mineral oils with sulphuric acid are treated with potassium bichromate and sulphuric acid. Volatile fatty acids formed are distilled off with steam, and the non-volatile fatty acids remaining are freed from chromium oxide by boiling with dilute acid and may be converted into soaps by alkali. Acid anhydrides may be formed in the oxidation process, these also being converted into soaps by alkali. The more volatile acids (butyric, valeric, &c.) may be converted into esters for use in perfumery.