Printers and printing processes for color photography

摘要

1, 070, 882. Photo-electric control of photographic printers. ILFORD Ltd. Jan. 4, 1966 [Jan. 4, 1965], No. 294/65. Heading G1A. [Also in Division G2] A photographic printer of the type in which a photo-electric exposure integrator controls the exposure is provided with means to increase the exposure integral for each print that is produced under-exposed and decrease it slightly for each print that is produced over-exposed whereby the exposure integral tends in time to an optimum value where as many prints are over-exposed as are under-exposed. A black and white printer to which the invention is applied comprises a photo-cell 1 the output of which is integrated and passed via a pushbutton attenuator 3 to an adder 4 where it is combined with a reference signal of opposite polarity. When the sum of these signals is zero a trigger circuit 5 actuates the shutter 7. Prints are normally made with the zero attenuation pushbutton 3 actuated and are inspected visually or photoelectrically after production. Unsatisfactory prints are repeated with a + button actuated to increase exposure or a - button to reduce it. Each time a print is made with a + or - button actuated, switches S2, S3 respectively are closed to send a pulse to a + or - stepping motor 11, 13 to adjust the reference level applied to the adder 4. The effect on print density of this adjustment is 0À1% to 1À0% of the effect of actuating the pushbutton itself. When the invention is applied to a printer in which a time varying signal is applied to the adder 4 in addition to the reference signal, so that different exposure integrals are given to dense and thin transparencies Fig. 2 (not shown), a delay circuit is provided so that the pulse from switches S2, S3 adjusts either the reference signal or the time varying signal depending on the density of the transparency, as evidenced by the time taken to complete the exposure. The invention may be applied to colour printing by providing a separate system for each primary colour. Such a colour printer, Figs. 3-6 (not shown) has means for classifying transparencies into six categories according to density (again as evidenced by the time taken to complete exposure) each category being given a different exposure integral. The classifying means is also arranged to direct the pulses from any S2 or S3 actuated to vary only the exposure integral for the density category corresponding to the transparency being printed. In printers of the type in which the intensity of light falling on the print material is maintained approximately constant, the exposure time is not indicative of the transparency density. The latter is therefore determined from the intensity to which the printing light is adjusted, Fig. 9 (not shown). Different colour films require different exposure integrals according to what internal masks are used. A printer which will correctly print several types of film Figs. 7 and 8 (not shown) is provided with separate potentiometers 9 for each type of film. The printer determines which type of film is being used by which colour exposure is completed first, and on the basis of this determination decides which potentiometers shall be used to determine the exposure integral and receive any corrections consequent upon actuation of S2 or S3. Minor modifications The gear-box 12 and unidirectional stepping motors may be replaced by a reversible stepping motor or a variable opacity electrolytic cell masking a photo-potentiometer. The actuation of S2 and S3 may take place at an inspection table remote from the printer and not be linked with a reprinting operation.