Fission fragment propulsion for space applications

摘要

A unique method to perform space propulsion is disclosed, which directly uses the kinetic energies of nuclear fission atom fragments to generate thrust. At the moment of fission, approximately 85% of the total energy is kinetic, contained within fission fragments traveling at 4% the speed of light. The propulsion of rockets and other space devices is conventionally accomplished by hurtling mass overboard at high velocities. An important parameter for quantifying propulsion performance is specific impulse (Isp). Propulsion technologies that support today's rocket missions are primarily based on chemical reactions to produce thrust, and are characterized by Isp values peaking at about 400 seconds. Advanced space concepts using nuclear energy to heat and exhaust a stored material might operate up to the 800 seconds range. The theoretical Isp of fission fragment kinetic energy propulsion is 1,220,000 seconds, a quantum leap from current technologies, up to the level essential for missions to the outer reaches of our solar system and beyond.