A photon detection device is provided with: a semiconductor laser for outputting laser light while the intensity thereof is moderated in accordance with a modulation signal; a single photon detector in which an avalanche diode is used as a light-receiving element; an optical system for irradiating a specimen with the laser light, the optical system being configured such that light from the specimen is guided to the single photon detector; a signal splitter for splitting the pulse signal from the single photon detector into a plurality of outputs in synchronization with the modulation signal; and a correlator for calculating a correlation function on the basis of the plurality of outputs from the signal splitter.
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