METHOD FOR PHYTOMELIORATIVE RESTORATION OF STRONGLY BROKEN AND DEGRADED PASTURAL YEARS

摘要

FIELD: agriculture.SUBSTANCE: method includes loosening the sod, sowing grasses and semi-shrubs - improvers that have violence and patience: giant wildrye (Elymus giganteas Vahl.), wheatgrass (Agropyron desertorum (Fisch. Ex Link) Schult., Agropyron sibiricum (Willd.) P. B., Agropyron pectiniforme Roem. Et Schult.), Russian wildrye (Elymus junceus Fisch.), kochia (Kochia prostrata (L.) Schrad.), camphorosms (Camphorosma lessingii Litv.) and fescue (Festuca sulcata Beck.). Undersow is carried out from several of these species at the same time, but with strips of various rows 15-30 cmwide, and while loosening the strips of various rows, row-spacings of virgin soil (sod) 45-50 cmwide are preserved between them. Wherein to carry out the work on the strip undersow of said species in the sod of natural pastures, three modifications of wide-coverage combined units are used, carrying out in one tractor run technological operations for loosening the strips to a depth of 5-18 cm, sowing seeds, covering them and levelling the strips, which are carried out either by inverted harrows on sandy soils, or by a chain drag on loamy soils, or by a drag of wire-rods in the form of rings on sandy loam soils. As tillage working tools, spherical and needle discs are used, the optimal depth of sodded soil tillage with spherical discs being up to 80 mm. It is reached by means of spacing front and rear discs 144 mm apart. For sowing loose and non-loose (sail) seeds of grasses and semi-shrubs, a seed distributor of the can type from serial stubble ploughs and seeders equipped with turners for first ones and spring seed ejectors for second ones is used, with a device in the can for smoothly changing the sizes of the sowing disc cells with the range of the gear ratio change in the limits i=0.21-0.32, where i = gear ratio.EFFECT: method ensures restoring and increasing the productivity of trampled down and degraded grasslands in a sparing mode, without completely destructing the sod.4 cl, 6 dwg, 4 tbl