A treatment system for rural domestic sewage, aiming at overcoming the disadvantages in existing technology wherein, when an artificial wetland system is used for treating rural domestic sewage, treatment efficiency is low, occupied area is large, a system clogs up easily, and mosquitoes and flies may easily breed in the summer time. The system comprises an artificial wetland system and further comprises a buried type biochemical treatment system, wherein the buried type biochemical treatment system is arranged below the artificial wetland system; the buried type biochemical treatment system comprises: a grid tank (1), a hydrolytic acidification tank (2), a contact oxidization tank (3), a sedimentation tank (4) and a lifting pump tank (5); sewage of the lifting pump tank (5) is connected to an upper-layer perforated water distribution pipe of the artificial wetland system; the artificial wetland system comprises a first-grade artificial wetland (6-1) and a second-grade artificial wetland (6-2). The system has the advantages of relatively low investment for infrastructure and being convenient for operation and maintenance; the aims of reducing the occupied area and being more adaptive to changes of a treatment scale are also achieved; the deep treatments of denitrification and phosphorous removal of the sewage are implemented, and the treatment system is suitable for rural domestic sewage treatment.
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