Electrophotographic member, fixing member, fixing apparatus, image forming apparatus, and method of producing electrophotographic belt

摘要

Provided is an endless belt-shaped electrophotographic member having a superior durability. The member comprises an endless belt-shaped substrate and a surface layer,the surface layer comprising an ionizing radiation crosslinked product of a tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer (PFA),the surface layer is formed by irradiation of electron beam to a resin layer, the resin layer comprising the PFA,the surface layer has a universal hardness HU at 200° C. of 18 N/mm²≤HU≤40 N/mm², andwhen a degree of orientation of the PFA in the resin layer in a direction orthogonal to the circumferential direction of the substrate is defined as Ri, anda degree of orientation of the crosslinked PFA in the surface layer in the direction orthogonal to the circumferential direction of the substrate is defined as Rf,Ri and Rf satisfy a relationship represented by expression (1):Ri×0.8≤Rf≤Ri  (1).