A zinc oxide microcrystalline fiber and a low-temperature template-free hydrothermal synthesis method therefor. The method comprises: step 1. a divalent zinc salt reacts with a strong base in water to obtain a first transparent solution containing Zn(OH)42-ions, the divalent zinc salt being selected from one or more of zinc chloride, zinc acetate, and zinc nitrate; and step 2. the first transparent solution reacts in a reactor having a non-sticky surface, in the presence of a surfactant and at a temperature does not exceeding 100°C to obtain a zinc oxide microcrystalline fiber, the surfactant being selected from one or more of dodecyl sulfate and polyoxyethylene octyl phenyl ether having 9 or 10 oxyethylene units. The method for synthesizing a zinc oxide microcrystalline fiber is relatively simple, can avoid the use of expensive equipment such as an autoclave, and does not require any template, thereby greatly reducing the production costs of a zinc oxide microcrystalline fiber, and facilitating the large-scale production of the zinc oxide microcrystalline fiber and wide application thereof in daily life.
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