METHODES STATISTIQUES POUR L'ETUDE DE LA STRUCTURATION SPATIALE DE LA DIVERSITE GENETIQUE

摘要

Natural selection and gene flows between populations shape the spatial distribution of genetic diversity and are influenced by environmental factors. The study of these evolutionary forces and their environmental origins finds important applications in the fields of conservation biology, genetics or agriculture. Genetic and environmental data can be combined in models that describe considered evolutionary processes to estimate parameters of interest. Developping statistical genetic methods consists of establishing a model based on biological considerations and, then, using this model to get estimations. The next step consists of evaluating such methods to validate its performances or to improve it. This scheme was applied to evaluate a method for the estimation of migration rates that was subsquently extended. Another method was developped for the study of local adaptation due to migration and natural selection.