Генологічні аспекти романів М. Етвуд «Історія служниці», «Орикс і Крейк» та «Рік потопу»ud(«Genological Aspects of Margaret Atwood’s Novels The Handmaid’s Tale, Oryx and Crake and The Year of the Flood»)

摘要

У статті проаналізовано жанрові дефініції антиутопії й дистопії у зіставленні з літературною утопією таudзапропоновано визначення центрального жанру романів «Історія Служниці», «Орикс і Крейк» та «Рік Потопу».ud(rake and The Year of the Flood» The article analyses the problem of genre definition of Margaret Atwood’s novels The Handmaid’s Tale (1985), Oryx and Crake (2003) and The Year of the Flood (2009). Since the 1980–s Canadian writer Margaret Atwood has been raising theudburning issues of nowadays, underlying the problems of totalitarianism, authoritarian mind, theocratic fundamentalism, the consequences of scientific experiments, power, freedom, colonization, apocalyptic catastrophic, the problems of women in a patriarchaludsociety, the environment and so on. Therefore, her literary works combine features of different genres and her novels The Handmaid’s Tale, Oryx and Crake and The Year of the Flood are not exceptions. Western scholars (Mouda A. S., Kouhestani M., Bouson J. B., Howells C. A., Cole A, Freeman J. and so on) mostly define the main genre of the above mentioned texts as dystopia. Nevertheless, some Ukrainian literary critics classify these novels as anti-utopias, since this term is more common to be used for such kind of texts. Furthermore, scholars Baccolini R., Labudová K., Wilson S. R. etc. underline the presence of both utopian and dystopian features, which Raffaella Baccolini from her perspective regards as a sign of a critical dystopia.udMargaret Atwood, on the other hand, defines such combination of utopian and dystopian genres in her novels The Handmaid’s Tale, Oryx and Crake and The Year of the Flood as ustopia. The term ‘ustopia’ which first appeared in Atwood’s book In Other Worlds: SF and the Human Imagination (2011) is used by the author to denote the imagined perfect society and its opposite.)