Health promotion methods for smoking prevention and cessation: a comprehensive review of effectiveness and the way forward

摘要

Tobacco smoking is one of the greatest causes of mortality in the world, responsible for over 5udmillion deaths per annum. The prevalence of smoking is over 1 billion people, with the majorityudcoming from low or middle income countries. Yet, the incidence of smoking varies vastly betweenudmany countries. Some countries have been able to decline the smoking and tobacco relatedudmorbidity and mortality through the introduction of health promotion initiatives and effective policiesudin order to combat tobacco usage. However, on the other hand, in some countries, the incidenceudof smoking is increasing still further. With the growing body of evidence of detriment of tobacco toudhealth, many control policies have been implemented as health promotion actions. Such methodsudinclude taxation of smoking, mass advertising campaigns in the media, peer education programs,udcommunity mobilization, motivational interviewing, health warnings on tobacco products, marketingudrestrictions, and banning smoking in public places. However, the review of the effectivenessudof various health promotion methods used for smoking prevention and cessation is lacking.udTherefore, the aim of this review is to identify and critically review the effectiveness of healthudpromotion methods used for smoking prevention and cessation. All available studies and reportsudpublished were considered. Searches were conducted using PubMed, MEDLINE, Ovid, Karger,udProQuest, Sage Journals, Science Direct, Springer, Taylor and Francis, EMBASE, CINAHL, andudCochrane and Wiley Online Library. Various relevant search terms and keywords were used. Afterudconsidering the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we selected 23 articles for the present review.