Conflicts over land in the Niger river delta region of Mali:exploring the usefulness of SAM and CGE models to study participatory natural resource management in agricultural and pastoral systems

摘要

The thesis deals with management of natural resources in the Niger Delta region of Mali. Climate changes and human activities have led to degradation of natural resources, whereas the demographic pressure increases. As a result, a social restructuring takes place: farmers are going to keep more cattle; some traditional pastoralists shift to sedentary farming practices and others keep moving around as nomads to look for water and pasture for their cattle. The pressure on land use often leads to conflicts. Mali is partitioned into about 700 local districts (‘communes’), which are as much as possible responsible for their own economic development, in particular for the management of natural resources. In the thesis a study is made of possible measures which can be taken by the ‘commune’ in order to link sustainable management of natural resources to poverty reduction. Examples of such measures are leaving land fallow to restore soil fertility, public projects like construction of secondary roads, or of water reservoirs. Extensive field research in one representative ‘commune’ constituted the basis of the PhD project, whereas mathematical models were developed to describe the complex economic processes within the commune. Special attention is given to the mutual interaction between the various stakeholders (farmers; agro-pastoralists; sedentary pastoralists and transhumant pastoralists) and to their income positions. The approach was in main lines as follows: investigate what the effects of the envisaged ‘measures’ are on availability of the production factors land and labour within the commune; explore by making use of the developed models what the resulting effects are on optimal production activities and income positions of the various stakeholders. The author developed an important instrument, which can be used as a guideline for discussions within the commune about various measures to be taken. Purpose is to reach consensus between the various stakeholders about the measures. The PhD research of Daniel Kaboré is one of the results of the long existing collaboration of researchers of the Centre for Development Studies (CDS) of the University of Groningen with universities and research institutes in West Africa.