Análisis de la diversidad genética del capulí (Prunus Serotina), en la región andina del Ecuador, utilizando marcadores moleculares AFLP

摘要

The Capulí (Prunus serotina) is a tetraploid species of the family Rosaceae, native from North America, but also present in Central America and throughout the Andean alley of South American. The species is widely distributed in the Ecuadorian highlands. Capulí has great ethnobotanic importance in the region, mainly for its fruit, much appreciated by very fond of the inhabitants of the ecuadorian highlands, but also for its timber.A first analysis of genetic diversity and population structure in capulí was carried out by Guadalupe et al. (2015). The main results were the finding of a moderate level of genetic diversity (He = 0.71), and a slight genetic differentiation between subpopulations from the southern provinces (Cañar and Azuay) and those of the center and north of the country.The present research contributed with additional information regarding the level of genetic diversity of the ecuadorian capulí (Prunus serotina) and its population structure. Through the use of AFLP molecular markers, 80 capuli accessions from 8 provinces of the Ecuadorian highlands were characterized molecularly: Carchi, Tulcán, Imbabura, Tungurahua, Cotopaxi, Chimborazo, Cañar and Azuay. Five combinations of AFLP primers were tested, of which three were polymorphic and showed clear and reproducible signals on acrylamide gels. The results of this study reveal a low level of genetic diversity (uHe = 0.284) for capuli, a characteristic finding of non-endemic related species subject to partial domestication events (Xu et al, 2006). Furthermore, population structure analyzes do not show a genetic differentiation by provinces (Nei values: 0.018 to 0.069), so there is no clear evidence of population structure. However, it was shown that the province of Cañar (located furthest south) exhibits a greater genetic differentiation with respect to other provinces analyzed.The use of SSR and AFLP molecular markers, give a first overview of the current state of genetic diversity of P. serotina in Ecuador. Further anthropological, economic and evolutionary information of the species is required, to support the hypotheses develop in both studies.