Fundamentos filosóficos da teoria da argumentação na língua: um estudo sobre a teoria dos topoi e a teoria dos blocos semânticos

摘要

Theory of Argumentation within Language: it is from the language that the speaker is able to argue. This “argue”, which searches for the meaning in the intralinguistic, constitutes the thesis supported by the semantic-argumentative theory, developed by Oswald Ducrot, Marion Carel, Jean-Claude Anscombre and collaborators, since the middle of the 1970s, established in its external hypotheses, i. e., by its philosophical bases, and accomplished by its internal hypotheses, i. e., by its linguistic tools. This new view about language and its use is an answer to the logic and to the rhetorical argumentation that search for the semantization in reality and in the truth and falsity conditions. The main goal of this thesis is not to make a comparison between the TAL and logics, but it is to show how the Theory of Argumentation within Language itself introduced, in its Theory of Topoi, logical and extralinguistic resources, leaving its external hypotheses, and how the Theory of Semantic Blocks rescued this intralinguistic statute, radicalizing these same external hypotheses. The method of this study is a critical-reflexive analysis about the Theory of Topoi and the Theory of Semantic Blocks from the external hypotheses of the Theory of Argumentation within Language. Therefore, the current study seeks for showing that meaning is not established in the passage from argument to conclusion, as the Theory of Topoi proposes, but from the relation between two segments able to constitute another meaning, as the Theory of Semantic Blocks proposes, putting in evidence the whole argumentative entanglement and the semantic embracement of the Theory Argumentation within Language.