Disinfection By-Product Formation by Alternative Disinfections and Removal byGranular Activated Carbon

摘要

The effects of the use of alternative disinfectants on the formation ofhalogenated disinfection by-products (DBPs) including total organic halide, trihalomethanes, haloacetic acids, haloacetonitriles, haloketones, chloral hydrate, and chloropicrin, were examined along with the ability of granular activated carbon (GAC) to remove these by-products and their precursors. Microbiological information was also obtained on the operating system and included heterotropic plate count, total coliform, and assimilable organic carbon (AOC). The ability of the alternative disinfectants to inactivate MS2 coliphage was also examined. One other aspect of the project was to provide sampling sites for health effects research by EPA which will be reported elsewhere. The operating system was comprised of four parallel pilot column process streams consisting of a 30 min contact chamber followed by a sand column in series with a GAC column having a 20 min empty bed contact time. One of four disinfectants, ozone, chlorine dioxide, chlorine, or chloramines, was applied at the beginning of each process stream. A fifth nondisinfected process stream consisting of only a sand column in series with a GAC column was used as a control.