Strategic Options for Managing the Urban Environment. Toward EnvironmentalStrategies for Cities. Policy Considerations for Urban Environmental Management in Developing Countries

摘要

Experience in both industrialized and developing countries demonstrates that aneffective approach for confronting urban environmental issues is to formulate a city-specific environmental management strategy and action plan. The paper describes a strategic approach to urban environmental planning and management that is based on participation, building commitment, and choosing effective policy interventions. Five key policy areas are emphasized: (1) mobilizing public support and participation, (2) choosing policy instruments that will change behavior, relieve conflicts, and encourage cooperative arrangements, (3) building local institutional capacity, (4) strengthening urban service delivery, and (5) increasing local knowledge about the urban environment.