Civil Ledning ur ett Historiskt perspektiv Principer foer organisering (Civil Defence Command and Congrol from a Historical Point of View--Principles of Organization).

摘要

The report is firstly based on an institutional design approach, emphasizing the internal development of steering principles of organization. Secondly the report is based on the conception that the historical foundation of the civilian defense of today was created within the process of development of the civil defense. Between the 1930s and 1950s the basic organizational structure of the civilian air defense and civil defense was founded. Steering principles were formed that came to determine the structure of civil defense and later on civilian defense. During the 1950s the structure of civil defense was criticized. A differentiation was made between rescue services and preventive measures. The way of thinking was dominated by a formal view on organization. During the 1960s the steering principles were developed further, and a conflict between these principles could be identified. The need for restructuring became obvious during the 1970s. The result was a new organizational structure in 1986. A differentiation was made between civil defense and civilian defense already in the 1980s but it was not until 1994 that civilian defense was formally accepted as a concept. Civilian defense became a loose organizational structure managed by law and formal instruction and less by organizational solution.