Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Volume 54, Number RR-17, December 30, 2005. Guidelines for Preventing the Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Health-Care Settings, 2005

摘要

In 1994, CDC published the Guidelines for Preventing the Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Health Care Facilities, 1994. The guidelines were issued in response to (1) a resurgence of tuberculosis (TB) disease that occurred in the United States in the mid-1980s and early 1990s, (2) the documentation of multiple high-profile health-care associated (previously nosocomial) outbreaks related to an increase in the prevalence of TB disease and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection, (3) lapses in infection-control practices, (4) delays in the diagnosis and treatment of persons with infectious TB disease, and (5) the appearance and transmission of multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB strains. The 1994 guidelines, which followed CDC statements issued in 1982 and 1990, presented recommendations for TB infection control based on a risk assessment process. In this process, health-care facilities were classified according to categories of TB risk,with a corresponding series of environmental and respiratory-protection control measures.