Elapsed Time Clocks, Optimum Presentation for the Effects of Different Methods of Presentation of Time Information on Legibility

摘要

The present experiment is concerned with the effects on legibility of eight types of aircraft clock designs presenting both time of day and elapsed time by means of direct reading counters and/or pointers on one or two instruments. Using average number of errors, variability of errors, average time to read, and variability in time to read as the major cri¬teria of legibility, a paper and pencil test administered to experienced pilots revealed that the types presenting both kinds of time information by means of counters on one instrument were superior to the others for quantitative readings.