Land Disposal of Wastewater With Spray Irrigation by Small Michigan Municipalities. Agricultural,Institutional,and Financial Characteristics.

摘要

While exhaustive research has been undertaken on the biological,chemical,and hydrological implications of land disposal technology for waste water,very little attention has been devoted to the important institutional questions. This study examines the financial,institutional,and agricultural characteristics of land disposal projects undertaken by small municipalities in Michigan. The important choices to be made by the municipality considering such a project are emphasized. Alternatives for organizing,financing,and operating spray irrigation land disposal systems in Michigan are investigated. Data for 16such local systems are summarized. Projects had a design population range of from 1000to 9000people,disposal site of 40to 450acres,and mean application rate of 2.5in. per week,variable by soil type. Three Case studies provide in depth examination of 'on the ground'problems faced by specific communities attempting to meet water quality standards by the 'living filter'method.