Acid Deposition Research Program. Volume 2. Effects of Acid-Forming Emissions on Soil Microorganisms and Microbially-Mediated Processes

摘要

The interactions of soil physical, chemical, and biological processes are ultimately expressed in a soil's fertility and its capacity for plant production. Consequently, much of the research conducted to date regarding the impact of acid forming pollutants on soil properties has been geared towards possible effects on plant productivity. This trend will be continued in the paper where the effects of acidic deposition on microbial communities will be reviewed in relation to potential impact on plant growth. The objectives of the review are to discuss: (1) The effects of acid forming emissions (primarily S-containing pollutants) on microbial community structure with emphasis on qualitative and quantitative aspects; (2) The effects of acidic deposition on microbially mediated processes (i.e., community functions); (3) Acidification effects of pollutants on symbiotic and disease-causing microorganisms. The symbionts to be discussed include ectomycorrhizal fungi, vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and N2-fixing bacteria, particularly Rhizobium, while the disease-causing microorganisms will include those responsible for foliage, stem and root diseases.