Estimating Cone and Seed Production and Monitoring Pest Damage in Southern Pine Seed Orchards

摘要

Field sampling procedures and computer programs are described for monitoring seed production and pest damage in southern pine seed orchards. The system estimates total orchard yields of female strobili and seeds, quantifies pest damage, determines times of year when losses occur, and produces life tables for female strobili. An example is included to illustrate the sampling procedures and the operation of user-friendly computer programs.