Investigation of the Effects of Fuel Composition and Injection and Combustion System Type on Heavy-Duty Diesel Exhaust Emissions

摘要

Dynamometer tests on 3 heavy-duty diesel engines supplied by their manufacturers, using the EPA transient emission test cycle and smoke procedure, and under steady-state conditions differing in speed and load, were conducted. Exhaust pollutants measured with each fuel/engine/operating mode combination included total particulate, its solvent extractable portion, total hydrocarbon, NOx, CO, benzene, and sulfate emissions, along with fuel consumption. Visible smoke was measured during the Federal smoke test only. In addition, total particulate was measured on a modal basis, and low-humidity particulate emission determinations were made for selected fuels. EPA performed elemental and organic carbon analyses of selected particulate samples. The original set of several test fuels consisted of specially blended fuels having varying levels of aromaticity, sulfur content, and 90% distillation temperature. Two additional fuels (low-sulfur, low-aromatic and low-sulfur, high-aromatic) were made by reprocessing specific mixtures of the original fuel set.