Use of Granular Acivated Carbon to Remove Trace Organics from the Effluent of a Class-B Refinery: A Case Study

摘要

A recent study by Raphaelian and Harrison (1978) at SOHIO's Toledo refinery demonstrated that the activated sludge biological treatment system reduced concentrations of trace organic compounds in the waste water by over 99%. Addition of a pilot-scale mixed media filter and granular activated carbon (GAC) filter produced additional removals ranging from 12 to 98% for those compounds that could be quantified. The estimated cost of adding a full-scale GAC system to the SOHIO refinery is $6,800,000. The yearly operational cost for an 8.6 MGD flow is $1,720,000, including amortization, and the annual energy requirement is estimated at 12.775 x 10 exp 6 kwh(e); this is equivalent to 2.2 x 10 exp 4 bbl crude oil, or 0.0503% of average annual refinery throughput. (ERA citation 04:054148)