PIMS(trademark): Remediation of Soil and Groundwater Contaminated With Metals. PIMS Remediation of Soil Contaminated with Lead at Camp Stanley Storage Activity, TX.

摘要

Lead-contaminated soils are prevalent in the United States, particularly at Department of Defense sites that have small arms firing ranges, detonation sites or testing facilities. Lead is the principal contaminant from projectiles (bullets) used at small-arms firing ranges. As a result, assessment and cleanup focus on the lead in soils and other environmental media. Chemically, lead is stable and does not biodegrade. High levels of lead and lead compounds induce disease and toxicity, particularly in children and pregnant women. Lead is ubiquitous and can occur naturally in soils. Therefore, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has focused predominantly on reducing the potential for sensitive populations to be exposed to anthropogenic (human-made) lead sources (industrial emissions, leaded gasoline, and paint) and environmental media contaminated with lead as a result of human activities (sites of mineral extraction, smelting operations, and firing ranges). The Phosphate-Induced Metal Stabilization (PIMS[trademark]) technology discussed in this report is an in situ stabilization or sequestration technology. Like PIMS, many stabilization technologies use an additive to the contaminated soil that immobilizes the metal or renders it non-toxic, but does not change the basic nature of the soil, e.g., the permeability or porosity. These technologies allow the soil to function in the future as a soil, to be left in place or disposed of as a nonhazardous material. The performance objectives of this demonstration were to determine suitable emplacement methodologies for the in situ treatment of lead-contaminated soils so the soil poses no further health threat or environmental hazard, and to determine actual field implementation costs. Both performance objectives were met. A further objective was to actually treat all of the lead-contaminated soils at an ordnance treatment unit.