Oxygen Insufficiency: Hypoxia and Adaptation to It

摘要

Research results obtained in the foremost laboratories of the Soviet Union working on the problem of hypoxia and adaptation of the organism to it are presented. Questions of the comparative physiology of adaptation and acclimatization of the organism to the high-mountain climate are illuminated, contemporary concepts of the significance of the cell chemical mechanism in the process of adaptation to hypoxia are set forth, and data are presented on the importance of hypoxemia in the pathology of the childhood years and the role of the age factor in the reaction of the organism to hypoxia. New facts are also communicated concerning the influence of hypoxia on the propagation of stimuli in the motor regions of the brain, on the influence that it exerts on bioelectric activity, oxygen partial pressure and the energy indicators of the cerebral cortex and subcortical formations. The problem of regional oxygen insufficiency and the importance of this problem in the development of myocardial infarct are examined. Lightx is also cast on the problems of oxygen starvation and the mechanisms that compensate it in heart failure. The question of foundations for the diagnosis of hypoxic states is raised. (Author)