The Dielectric Relaxation Spectra of Water, Ice, and Aqueous Solutions and Their Interpretation. V. Ice I as a Photon Dielectric

摘要

A memory of oriented dipole patterns can be imprinted into the randomized proton system of ice by the field-directed motion of Bjerrum L-,D-defects or of ionic defects, measured as polarization or antipolarization, respectively. The molecular build-up of these effects is discussed in detail. Both defect types contribute to transconduction and can be converted into each other by proton injection and ejection respectively at anode and cathode. Changes of the crystal anisotropy under mechanical stress cause tensorial drift direction changes that may produce electric quadrupole moments. Superposition of an electric field should lead to electromechanical effects. The effects of HF doping of ice, 'ohmic' electrodes, and the injection and ejection of electrons and protons at the electrodes are considered. The present report analyzes in detail the molecular mechanisms of polarization and conduction in ice single crystals. (Author)