Memory Organization-Based Methods of Instruction: Rationale and Development

摘要

An effort was made to improve training techniques in order to increase retention of procedural tasks common to armor crewmen. Based on an overview of principles of cognitive, information processing psychology concerning the structuring of information in memory and on research using various memory organization mnemonics, a general training strategy was described. The strategy began with a systematic structure analysis of tasks to be trained. Training was then designed to give students the organizing structure to aid their recall of the task. Two alternative strategies for presenting the structure were developed: one in which the structure guided the presentation from the beginning of training, and one in which students were first allowed to have hands-on exposure to the task before being given the structure information. Training programs using these two training strategies, along with programs using the Army's standard performance-oriented training strategy were developed for four tasks performed by M1 (Abrams) tank crew members.