Toxicologic and Analytical Studies with T-2 and Related Trichothecene Mycotoxins. Annual Report August 16, 1984-June 30, 1985

摘要

Swine and rats have been used to assess the effects of exposure to T-2 toxin. Acute systemic T-2 toxicosis is a cardiovascular shock syndrome characterized by reductions in cardiac output and blood pressure and increased plasma concentrations of epinephrine, norepinephrine, thromboxane B2, 6-keto-PGF1alpha, and lactate. In swine, myocardial, brain, renal, splenic, and pancreatic blood flow decreases, while that of the adrenals, liver and gastrointestinal tract increases or is not affected following T-2 toxin administration. Sublethal and/or lethal intravenous (IV) injections of T-2 toxin produce heart and pancreatic lesions in addition to the well-documented lesions in lymph nodes and gastrointestinal tissues. Inhalation of T-2 toxin causes clinical signs and lesions which are similar to those in IV dosed pigs. Exposed pigs have lower rates of weight gain and reduced hemagglutination titers. The pulmonary alveolar macrophages of T-2 dosed pigs have a reduced ability to phagocytize bacteria, and their pulmonary lymphocytes have lowered blastogenic responses. Ling tissue alternations are minimal. Topic application of T-2 toxin in swine produces a severe necrotizing dermatitis with the healing process beginning by day 7. Numerous potential therapeutic agents were tested in rats and swine for efficacy against T-2 toxicosis. Exposure to trichothecene mycotoxins (T-2, DAS, and DON) can be detected with a rapid and relatively simple analytical procedure based on the total hydrolyzed metabolites in plasma and urine.