Two-Store Model of Memory: Past Criticisms, Current Status, and Future Directions(Het Twee-Stadia Model van het Geheugen: Terugblik, Huidige Status en Toekomstige Ontwikkelingen)

摘要

Atkinson and Shiffrin presented what is now usually referred to as the two-storemodel of memory. The treatment of this model in textbooks on memory is almost universally based on the assumption that subsequent research has shown that it has serious deficiencies. It is argued that this picture is quite wrong and that the theoretical framework proposed by Atkinson and Shiffrin is in fact quite capable of handling findings obtained within levels-of-processing framework or the working memory approach. The SAM theory may be viewed as the current version of the two-store model. A general overview is given of the application of this theory to a variety of memory phenomena. Recently, the SAM model has been modified to include the notion of contextual fluctuation. This concept, adapted from Estes, refers to the changes in the composition of the set of active contextual elements that occur during retention and/or interpresentation intervals. This notion has proven useful in the application of the SAM model to interference and forgetting phenomena. New research is discussed that extends this model to spacing and repetition phenomena. Netherlands. (sdw)