Real-Time Modeling of River Basin Response Using Radar-Generated Rainfall Mapsand a Distributed Hydrologic Database

摘要

A distributed model for real-time rainfall-runoff simulation during floods ispresented. The model is called Distributed Basin Simulator. DBS uses information from a distributed hydrologic database to interpret rainfall information in real time. The model is largely based on the detailed topographical information provided by digital elevation models (DEM). Basin representation adopts the rectangular grid of the DEM, and other soil properties, input data and state variables are also represented as data layers using the same scheme. The basic objective is to map the topographically-driven evolution of saturated areas as the storm progresses. Two modes of runoff generation are simulated: infiltration excess runoff and return flow. DBS applies a kinematic model of infiltration to evaluate local runoff generation in grid elements, and also accounts for lateral moisture flow between elements in a simplified manner. The model was successfully calibrated for the Sieve basin. Object-oriented methodologies were applied in model design and implementation. The resulting computer package is called Real-time Interactive Basin Simulator. RIBS combines the distributed basin simulator and a hydrologic database within an interactive real-time framework. Model structure is flexible, and several modes of operation are possible: an off-line calibration mode, an on-line simulation mode and an on-line forecasting mode. RIBS has two graphic user interfaces: a synchronous, model-driven interface and an asynchronous, user-driven interface. The synchronous interface displays simulation results and forecasts in real time as the model progresses.