The machines principally suitable for ultrafine comminution of ceramic raw materials are stirred media mills, vibrating mills and fluidized bed opposed jet mills. Besides these, a newly developed machine for particle bed impact comminution has also proved effective for this application. Following a description of the set-up and operation of these mills, an explanation is given of how the different operating parameters influence the number of stresses and stress intensity, and thus the efficiency of the comminution process. The effectiveness and specific energy requirement of comminution processes can be improved with the optimum adjustment of the stress intensity and number of stresses applied to the material to be ground. The finer the product required, the higher the stress intensity or the specific energy available during a stress process and the number of stresses needs to be.
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